| Exam Board | Edexcel |
|---|---|
| Module | FM2 (Further Mechanics 2) |
| Year | 2023 |
| Session | June |
| Marks | 7 |
| Paper | Download PDF ↗ |
| Mark scheme | Download PDF ↗ |
| Topic | Centre of Mass 1 |
| Type | Equilibrium with applied force |
| Difficulty | Standard +0.8 This is a Further Maths FM2 question requiring integration to find centre of mass (with a 'show that' requiring exact calculation), followed by equilibrium with moments. The integration involves x̄ = ∫x·y dx / ∫y dx with a quadratic, requiring careful algebraic manipulation. Part (b) needs taking moments about a point. Multi-step with moderate algebraic complexity, typical of FM2 standard but not requiring exceptional insight. |
| Spec | 6.04c Composite bodies: centre of mass6.04d Integration: for centre of mass of laminas/solids6.04e Rigid body equilibrium: coplanar forces |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| \[y^2 \, dx = \frac{1}{2}\int_0^3 (9-x^2)^2 \, dx = \frac{1}{2}\int_0^3 (81-18x^2+x^4) \, dx\] | M1 | 2.1 |
| \[= \frac{1}{2}\left[81x - 6x^3 + \frac{x^5}{5}\right]_0^3\] | DM1 | 1.1b |
| \[= \frac{1}{2}\left(81 \cdot 3 - 6 \cdot 27 + \frac{243}{5}\right) = \frac{324}{5}\] | A1 | 1.1b |
| \[\text{distance} = \frac{64.8}{18} = 3.6 \text{ m}\] | A1* | 2.2a |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| \[x y \, dy = \int_0^9 y\sqrt{9-y} \, dy\] | M1 | 2.1 |
| \[= \left[-\frac{2}{3}y(9-y)^{3/2} - \frac{4}{15}(9-y)^{5/2}\right]_0^9\] | DM1 | 1.1b |
| \[= \frac{4}{15} \cdot 9^{5/2} = \frac{324}{5}\] | A1 | 1.1b |
| \[\text{distance} = \frac{64.8}{18} = 3.6 \text{ m}\] | A1* | 2.2a |
| Answer | Marks |
|---|---|
| M1 | Use of \(\frac{1}{2}\int y^2 \, dx\) or \(\int xy \, dy\). Ignore any limits. |
| DM1 | Integrate and use correct limits (0 and 3 for \(x\), 0 and 9 for \(y\)). Usual rules for integration: powers increasing by 1 |
| A1 | Correct unsimplified expression. |
| A1* | Obtain given answer from correct working. |
| Answer | Marks | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Moments about O: | M1 | 3.1a |
| \[3.6W = 9W\bar{x}\] | A1 | 1.1b |
| \[\bar{x} = 0.4\] | A1 | 1.1b |
| Answer | Marks |
|---|---|
| M1 | Complete method to obtain \(\bar{x}\), e.g. by taking moments about O or by resolving and taking moments about a different point. Allow for an equation in \(T\) or \(\bar{x}\). |
| A1 | Correct unsimplified equation in \(\bar{x}\) |
| A1 | Correct only. |
## 5(a)
$$y^2 \, dx = \frac{1}{2}\int_0^3 (9-x^2)^2 \, dx = \frac{1}{2}\int_0^3 (81-18x^2+x^4) \, dx$$ | M1 | 2.1
$$= \frac{1}{2}\left[81x - 6x^3 + \frac{x^5}{5}\right]_0^3$$ | DM1 | 1.1b
$$= \frac{1}{2}\left(81 \cdot 3 - 6 \cdot 27 + \frac{243}{5}\right) = \frac{324}{5}$$ | A1 | 1.1b
$$\text{distance} = \frac{64.8}{18} = 3.6 \text{ m}$$ | A1* | 2.2a
(4)
### 5(a) Alternative
$$x y \, dy = \int_0^9 y\sqrt{9-y} \, dy$$ | M1 | 2.1
$$= \left[-\frac{2}{3}y(9-y)^{3/2} - \frac{4}{15}(9-y)^{5/2}\right]_0^9$$ | DM1 | 1.1b
$$= \frac{4}{15} \cdot 9^{5/2} = \frac{324}{5}$$ | A1 | 1.1b
$$\text{distance} = \frac{64.8}{18} = 3.6 \text{ m}$$ | A1* | 2.2a
(4)
**Notes:**
M1 | Use of $\frac{1}{2}\int y^2 \, dx$ or $\int xy \, dy$. Ignore any limits.
DM1 | Integrate and use correct limits (0 and 3 for $x$, 0 and 9 for $y$). Usual rules for integration: powers increasing by 1
A1 | Correct unsimplified expression.
A1* | Obtain given answer from correct working.
## 5(b)
Moments about O: | M1 | 3.1a
$$3.6W = 9W\bar{x}$$ | A1 | 1.1b
$$\bar{x} = 0.4$$ | A1 | 1.1b
(3)
**Notes:**
M1 | Complete method to obtain $\bar{x}$, e.g. by taking moments about O or by resolving and taking moments about a different point. Allow for an equation in $T$ or $\bar{x}$.
A1 | Correct unsimplified equation in $\bar{x}$
A1 | Correct only.
5.
\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{3b070338-1de4-4c33-be29-d37ac06c9fed-16_730_442_223_877}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{Figure 3}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
A uniform lamina $O A B$ is modelled by the finite region bounded by the $x$-axis, the $y$-axis and the curve with equation $y = 9 - x ^ { 2 }$, for $x \geqslant 0$, as shown shaded in Figure 3. The unit of length on both axes is 1 m .
The area of the lamina is $18 \mathrm {~m} ^ { 2 }$
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Show that the centre of mass of the lamina is 3.6 m from $\boldsymbol { O B }$.\\[0pt]
[ Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.]
A light string has one end attached to the lamina at $O$ and the other end attached to the ceiling. A second light string has one end attached to the lamina at $A$ and the other end attached to the ceiling.\\
The lamina hangs in equilibrium with the strings vertical and $O A$ horizontal.\\
The weight of the lamina is $W$\\
The tension in the string attached to the lamina at $A$ is $\lambda W$
\item Find the value of $\lambda$
\end{enumerate}
\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel FM2 2023 Q5 [7]}}