OCR Further Additional Pure 2023 June — Question 9 11 marks

Exam BoardOCR
ModuleFurther Additional Pure (Further Additional Pure)
Year2023
SessionJune
Marks11
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicGroups
TypeVerify group axioms
DifficultyChallenging +1.8 This is a Further Maths group theory question requiring verification of group axioms with a non-standard operation on complex numbers. Parts (a)-(c) involve systematic but algebraically intensive verification of identity, inverse, and associativity. Part (d) requires identifying why closure fails, and part (e) demands finding a specific finite subgroup. The algebraic manipulation is substantial and the conceptual demand (especially finding a order-3 subgroup) exceeds typical A-level questions, though it follows a standard group verification template.
Spec4.02a Complex numbers: real/imaginary parts, modulus, argument8.03c Group definition: recall and use, show structure is/isn't a group

9 The set \(C\) consists of the set of all complex numbers excluding 1 and - 1 . The operation ⊕ is defined on the elements of \(C\) by \(\mathrm { a } \oplus \mathrm { b } = \frac { \mathrm { a } + \mathrm { b } } { \mathrm { ab } + 1 }\) where \(\mathrm { a } , \mathrm { b } \in \mathrm { C }\).
  1. Determine the identity element of \(C\) under ⊕.
  2. For each element \(x\) in \(C\) show that it has an inverse element in \(C\).
  3. Show that \(\oplus\) is associative on \(C\).
  4. Explain why \(( C , \oplus )\) is not a group.
  5. Find a subset, \(D\), of \(C\) such that \(( D , \oplus )\) is a group of order 3 . \section*{END OF QUESTION PAPER} }{www.ocr.org.uk}) after the live examination series.
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Question 9:
AnswerMarks Guidance
917 25
9(a) a + b
Require b s.t. a  b = a i.e. = a
a b + 1
AnswerMarks
 b = 0M1
A1
AnswerMarks
[2]1.1
2.2aIncluding attempt to solve (e.g. by multiplying
across), possibly implied by correct answer
(“since a2  1” need not be mentioned)
SC1 verifying that 0 is the identity element
AnswerMarks
(b)Require b s.t. a  b = 0
 b = −a i.e. x−1 = −xM1
A1
AnswerMarks
[2]2.1
1.1(Or for x)
(NB 0 is ‘self-inverse’)
AnswerMarks
(c)a + b
(a  b)  c =  c attempted
a b + 1
b+c
a  (b  c) = a  attempted
bc+1
a+b+c+abc
Both shown equal to
AnswerMarks
ab+ac+bc+1M1
M1
A1
AnswerMarks
[3]1.1
1.1
AnswerMarks
1.1OR noting symmetry in (a, b, c) of answer
Or any equivalently correct equal forms
AnswerMarks
(d)The set C is not closed under  since a  b undefined for
 1 
any (a, b) = x − , , x  0, 1
AnswerMarks Guidance
xB1
[1]2.3 Closure shown not to apply (i.e. with example,
general or specific)
AnswerMarks
(e)“Subgroup” of order 3 must be of the form {0, a, −a}
Require a  a = −a or a  a  a =0
AnswerMarks
a =  i 3 from solving cubic equation (a  0)B1
M1
A1
AnswerMarks
[3]2.1
3.1a
AnswerMarks
3.2aMust be made clear from the working; may state
{0, a, a  a} initially, instead
oe
PMT
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Though we make every effort to check our resources, there may be contradictions between published support and the
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Question 9:
9 | 17 | 25 | 1
9 | (a) | a + b
Require b s.t. a  b = a i.e. = a
a b + 1
 b = 0 | M1
A1
[2] | 1.1
2.2a | Including attempt to solve (e.g. by multiplying
across), possibly implied by correct answer
(“since a2  1” need not be mentioned)
SC1 verifying that 0 is the identity element
(b) | Require b s.t. a  b = 0
 b = −a i.e. x−1 = −x | M1
A1
[2] | 2.1
1.1 | (Or for x)
(NB 0 is ‘self-inverse’)
(c) | a + b
(a  b)  c =  c attempted
a b + 1
b+c
a  (b  c) = a  attempted
bc+1
a+b+c+abc
Both shown equal to
ab+ac+bc+1 | M1
M1
A1
[3] | 1.1
1.1
1.1 | OR noting symmetry in (a, b, c) of answer
Or any equivalently correct equal forms
(d) | The set C is not closed under  since a  b undefined for
 1 
any (a, b) = x − , , x  0, 1
x | B1
[1] | 2.3 | Closure shown not to apply (i.e. with example,
general or specific)
(e) | “Subgroup” of order 3 must be of the form {0, a, −a}
Require a  a = −a or a  a  a =0
a =  i 3 from solving cubic equation (a  0) | B1
M1
A1
[3] | 2.1
3.1a
3.2a | Must be made clear from the working; may state
{0, a, a  a} initially, instead
oe
PMT
Need to get in touch?
If you ever have any questions about OCR qualifications or services (including administration, logistics and teaching) please feel free to get in
touch with our customer support centre.
Call us on
01223 553998
Alternatively, you can email us on
support@ocr.org.uk
For more information visit
ocr.org.uk/qualifications/resource-finder
ocr.org.uk
Twitter/ocrexams
/ocrexams
/company/ocr
/ocrexams
OCR is part of Cambridge University Press & Assessment, a department of the University of Cambridge.
For staff training purposes and as part of our quality assurance programme your call may be recorded or monitored. © OCR
2023 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations is a Company Limited by Guarantee. Registered in England. Registered office
The Triangle Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge, CB2 8EA.
Registered company number 3484466. OCR is an exempt charity.
OCR operates academic and vocational qualifications regulated by Ofqual, Qualifications Wales and CCEA as listed in their
qualifications registers including A Levels, GCSEs, Cambridge Technicals and Cambridge Nationals.
OCR provides resources to help you deliver our qualifications. These resources do not represent any particular teaching method
we expect you to use. We update our resources regularly and aim to make sure content is accurate but please check the OCR
website so that you have the most up-to-date version. OCR cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions in these
resources.
Though we make every effort to check our resources, there may be contradictions between published support and the
specification, so it is important that you always use information in the latest specification. We indicate any specification changes
within the document itself, change the version number and provide a summary of the changes. If you do notice a discrepancy
between the specification and a resource, please contact us.
Whether you already offer OCR qualifications, are new to OCR or are thinking about switching, you can request more
information using our Expression of Interest form.
Please get in touch if you want to discuss the accessibility of resources we offer to support you in delivering our qualifications.
9 The set $C$ consists of the set of all complex numbers excluding 1 and - 1 . The operation ⊕ is defined on the elements of $C$ by $\mathrm { a } \oplus \mathrm { b } = \frac { \mathrm { a } + \mathrm { b } } { \mathrm { ab } + 1 }$ where $\mathrm { a } , \mathrm { b } \in \mathrm { C }$.
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Determine the identity element of $C$ under ⊕.
\item For each element $x$ in $C$ show that it has an inverse element in $C$.
\item Show that $\oplus$ is associative on $C$.
\item Explain why $( C , \oplus )$ is not a group.
\item Find a subset, $D$, of $C$ such that $( D , \oplus )$ is a group of order 3 .

\section*{END OF QUESTION PAPER}
}{www.ocr.org.uk}) after the live examination series.\\
If OCR has unwittingly failed to correctly acknowledge or clear any third-party content in this assessment material, OCR will be happy to correct its mistake at the earliest possible opportunity.\\
For queries or further information please contact The OCR Copyright Team, The Triangle Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB2 8EA.\\
OCR is part of Cambridge University Press \& Assessment, which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
\end{enumerate}

\hfill \mbox{\textit{OCR Further Additional Pure 2023 Q9 [11]}}