OCR Further Additional Pure AS 2022 June — Question 6 14 marks

Exam BoardOCR
ModuleFurther Additional Pure AS (Further Additional Pure AS)
Year2022
SessionJune
Marks14
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicSequences and Series
TypeFirst-Order Linear Recurrence Relations
DifficultyChallenging +1.2 Part (a) requires pattern recognition to identify u_{n+1} = 10u_n + 7, which is straightforward from the sequence. Part (b) is a standard first-order linear recurrence solution using complementary function and particular integral methods. Part (c) requires modular arithmetic insight (showing u_n ≡ 0 (mod 37) for certain n values), which elevates this above routine exercises but remains accessible to well-prepared Further Maths students. The multi-part structure and proof element make it moderately challenging but not exceptional.
Spec8.01a Recurrence relations: general sequences, closed form and recurrence8.01f First-order recurrence: solve using auxiliary equation and complementary function

6 The sequence \(\left\{ u _ { n } \right\}\) is such that \(u _ { 1 } = 7 , u _ { 2 } = 37 , u _ { 3 } = 337 , u _ { 4 } = 3337 , \ldots\).
  1. Write down a first-order recurrence system for \(\left\{ \mathrm { u } _ { \mathrm { n } } \right\}\).
  2. By solving the recurrence system of part (a), show that \(\mathrm { u } _ { \mathrm { n } } = \frac { 1 } { 3 } \left( 10 ^ { \mathrm { n } } + 11 \right)\).
  3. Prove that \(\left\{ \mathrm { u } _ { \mathrm { n } } \right\}\) contains infinitely many terms which are multiples of 37 .

Question 6:
AnswerMarks Guidance
6a u = u + 3 0 , u = u + 3 0 0 ,
2 1 3 2
u = u + 3 0 0 0 , …
4 3
u =u +310n (n  1) with u =7
AnswerMarks
n + 1 n 1M1
A1
AnswerMarks
[2]1.1a
2.2bAny sensible method (may be
implied by a correct, or nearly
correct, answer)
Must include first term. Condone
AnswerMarks
missing “range” of n.OR u = 1 0 u − 3 3 ,
2 1
u =10u −33, …
3 2
OR u =10u −33
n + 1 n
with u = 7
1
AnswerMarks
bCS is u = C
1
For PS try u = a  1 0 n
n
a = 13
u = 110n +C and u =7 used …
n 3 1
u = 13  1 0 n + 1 13
AnswerMarks
nB1
M1
A1
M1
A1
AnswerMarks
[5]1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
AnswerMarks
1.1Including substn. to determine a
Their GS = CS + PS and attempt to
find a numerical value for C
AG
AnswerMarks
Since 111 = 3  37, it follows that if 37u
k
AnswerMarks
then 37u also, and proof follows by
k + 3
AnswerMarks
inductionM1dep
*
AnswerMarks
A12.1
2.4Inductive reasoning attempted from
their 𝑢
𝑘+3
All correctly explained (for final A,
must note that this implies that {u }
n
contains infinitely many multiples of
37)
Alternative method 1
mod 37, { u } = {7, 0, 4, 7, 0 …}
n
Baseline case: u is a multiple of 37
AnswerMarks
2B1
B1Noting that every third term is (or
appears to be) a multiple of 37
Noted or used
Assume 𝑢 is a multiple of 37 for some k
AnswerMarks
3𝑘−1M1
Then 𝑢 = 1 (103𝑘+2 +11) = 𝑢 +
3𝑘+2 3𝑘−1
3
AnswerMarks Guidance
111×3×103𝑘−1M1* Attempt to write their 𝑢 in
3𝑘+2
terms of 𝑢
3𝑘−1
A1
AnswerMarks
Since 111 = 3  37, it follows that if 37u
k
AnswerMarks
then 37u also, and proof follows by
k + 3
AnswerMarks
inductionM1dep
*
AnswerMarks
A1Inductive reasoning attempted from
their 𝑢
𝑘+3
All correctly explained (for final A,
must note that this implies that { u }
n
contains infinitely many multiples of
37)
Alternative method 1
mod 37, { u } = {7, 0, 4, 7, 0 …}
n
Baseline case: u is a multiple of 37
2
B1
B1
Then 𝑢 = 1 (103𝑘+2 +11) = 𝑢 +
3𝑘+2 3𝑘−1
3
111×3×103𝑘−1
M1dep
*
A1
AnswerMarks
Since 111 = 3  37, it follows that if 37u
k
AnswerMarks
then 37u also, and proof follows by
k + 3
induction
Alternative method 2
 
AnswerMarks Guidance
The sequence 10n +11 runsB1 Working with the sequence (or with
the original one)
 .
2 1 , 1 1 1 , 1 0 1 1 , 1 0 0 1 1 , 1 0 0 0 1 1 . .
AnswerMarks Guidance
Noting that 111 = 3  37 and 100011 =B1 Must make the conclusion that { u }
n
AnswerMarks Guidance
2703  37 and noting that every third termcontains infinitely many multiples of
is (appears to be) a multiple of 37, so …37 at some stage
Testing 103n + 2 +11M1 Directly or inductively
(1 ) n
AnswerMarks Guidance
= 0 3  1 0 2 + 1 1M1 Use of the laws of indices
= 1 0 0  1 0 0 0 n + 1 1A1
Since 999 is a multiple of 37,M1 Use of modular arithmetic
1000  1 (mod 37)
1 0 3 n + 2 + 1 1  1001n +11=111
AnswerMarks Guidance
= 3 37  0 (mod 37)A1 All correctly concluded
[7]
Working with the sequence (or with
the original one)
AnswerMarks
ai = C a = B b = A
A B A C C B
c = C p = B q = A
AnswerMarks
B A C A B CB1
B1
B1
AnswerMarks
[3]1.1
1.1
AnswerMarks
1.11st B for correct i and  1 of a, b,
c
2nd B for all of i, a, b, c correct
3rd B for p, q correct
AnswerMarks
bB1
B1
B1
AnswerMarks
[3]1.1
1.1
AnswerMarks
1.1First row and first column are
given
Correct composition of
reflections (33 square)
Correct composition of rotations
(22 square)
AnswerMarks
All the rest correct (white cells)NB The main diagonal
& composition of
rotations are obvious;
one composition of
reflections gives the
others by the LSP;
similarly for each of the
white rectangles.
AnswerMarks Guidance
c{i, a}, {i, b}, {i, c} and {i, p, q} B1
B1
B1
AnswerMarks
[3]1.1 1.1
1.1Any one subgroup of order 2
The subgroup of order 3
AnswerMarks
All four correct with no extrasCondone inclusion of
{i} and/or D
3
AnswerMarks Guidance
di NOT cyclic, as D has no element of order 6
3
or IF they first explain that D is non-
3
abelian (with valid reason) then allow the
AnswerMarks Guidance
claim “non-abelian  non-cyclic”B1
[1]2.4 Or since elements have orders:
a, b, c … 2 and p, q … 3Just ‘no generator’ not
sufficient
AnswerMarks Guidance
iiNOT abelian, as (e.g.) ab = p but ba = q B1
[1]2.4 Pull the mark forward from d i if
they have done this thereAccept no symmetry in
the leading diagonal in
the Cayley table
AnswerMarks
eH is cyclic (while D isn’t)
3
H is abelian (while D isn’t)
AnswerMarks
3B1
B1
AnswerMarks
[2]2.5
2.2aAny two differences clearly
stated or described on group
structure or order of elements or
subgroup order
PMT
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Question 6:
6 | a | u = u + 3 0 , u = u + 3 0 0 ,
2 1 3 2
u = u + 3 0 0 0 , …
4 3
u =u +310n (n  1) with u =7
n + 1 n 1 | M1
A1
[2] | 1.1a
2.2b | Any sensible method (may be
implied by a correct, or nearly
correct, answer)
Must include first term. Condone
missing “range” of n. | OR u = 1 0 u − 3 3 ,
2 1
u =10u −33, …
3 2
OR u =10u −33
n + 1 n
with u = 7
1
b | CS is u = C
1
For PS try u = a  1 0 n
n
a = 13
u = 110n +C and u =7 used …
n 3 1
u = 13  1 0 n + 1 13
n | B1
M1
A1
M1
A1
[5] | 1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1 | Including substn. to determine a
Their GS = CS + PS and attempt to
find a numerical value for C
AG
Since 111 = 3  37, it follows that if 37 | u
k
then 37 | u also, and proof follows by
k + 3
induction | M1dep
*
A1 | 2.1
2.4 | Inductive reasoning attempted from
their 𝑢
𝑘+3
All correctly explained (for final A,
must note that this implies that {u }
n
contains infinitely many multiples of
37)
Alternative method 1
mod 37, { u } = {7, 0, 4, 7, 0 …}
n
Baseline case: u is a multiple of 37
2 | B1
B1 | Noting that every third term is (or
appears to be) a multiple of 37
Noted or used
Assume 𝑢 is a multiple of 37 for some k
3𝑘−1 | M1
Then 𝑢 = 1 (103𝑘+2 +11) = 𝑢 +
3𝑘+2 3𝑘−1
3
111×3×103𝑘−1 | M1* | Attempt to write their 𝑢 in
3𝑘+2
terms of 𝑢
3𝑘−1
A1
Since 111 = 3  37, it follows that if 37 | u
k
then 37 | u also, and proof follows by
k + 3
induction | M1dep
*
A1 | Inductive reasoning attempted from
their 𝑢
𝑘+3
All correctly explained (for final A,
must note that this implies that { u }
n
contains infinitely many multiples of
37)
Alternative method 1
mod 37, { u } = {7, 0, 4, 7, 0 …}
n
Baseline case: u is a multiple of 37
2
B1
B1
Then 𝑢 = 1 (103𝑘+2 +11) = 𝑢 +
3𝑘+2 3𝑘−1
3
111×3×103𝑘−1
M1dep
*
A1
Since 111 = 3  37, it follows that if 37 | u
k
then 37 | u also, and proof follows by
k + 3
induction
Alternative method 2
 
The sequence 10n +11 runs | B1 | Working with the sequence (or with
the original one)
 .
2 1 , 1 1 1 , 1 0 1 1 , 1 0 0 1 1 , 1 0 0 0 1 1 . .
Noting that 111 = 3  37 and 100011 = | B1 | Must make the conclusion that { u }
n
2703  37 and noting that every third term | contains infinitely many multiples of
is (appears to be) a multiple of 37, so … | 37 at some stage
Testing 103n + 2 +11 | M1 | Directly or inductively | Or 103𝑛−1 +11
(1 ) n
= 0 3  1 0 2 + 1 1 | M1 | Use of the laws of indices
= 1 0 0  1 0 0 0 n + 1 1 | A1
Since 999 is a multiple of 37, | M1 | Use of modular arithmetic
1000  1 (mod 37)
1 0 3 n + 2 + 1 1  1001n +11=111
= 3 37  0 (mod 37) | A1 | All correctly concluded
[7]
Working with the sequence (or with
the original one)
a | i = C a = B b = A
A B A C C B
c = C p = B q = A
B A C A B C | B1
B1
B1
[3] | 1.1
1.1
1.1 | 1st B for correct i and  1 of a, b,
c
2nd B for all of i, a, b, c correct
3rd B for p, q correct
b | B1
B1
B1
[3] | 1.1
1.1
1.1 | First row and first column are
given
Correct composition of
reflections (33 square)
Correct composition of rotations
(22 square)
All the rest correct (white cells) | NB The main diagonal
& composition of
rotations are obvious;
one composition of
reflections gives the
others by the LSP;
similarly for each of the
white rectangles.
c | {i, a}, {i, b}, {i, c} and {i, p, q} | B1
B1
B1
[3] | 1.1 1.1
1.1 | Any one subgroup of order 2
The subgroup of order 3
All four correct with no extras | Condone inclusion of
{i} and/or D
3
d | i | NOT cyclic, as D has no element of order 6
3
or IF they first explain that D is non-
3
abelian (with valid reason) then allow the
claim “non-abelian  non-cyclic” | B1
[1] | 2.4 | Or since elements have orders:
a, b, c … 2 and p, q … 3 | Just ‘no generator’ not
sufficient
ii | NOT abelian, as (e.g.) ab = p but ba = q | B1
[1] | 2.4 | Pull the mark forward from d i if
they have done this there | Accept no symmetry in
the leading diagonal in
the Cayley table
e | H is cyclic (while D isn’t)
3
H is abelian (while D isn’t)
3 | B1
B1
[2] | 2.5
2.2a | Any two differences clearly
stated or described on group
structure or order of elements or
subgroup order
PMT
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/company/ocr
/ocrexams
OCR is part of Cambridge University Press & Assessment, a department of the University of Cambridge.
For staff training purposes and as part of our quality assurance programme your call may be recorded or monitored. © OCR
2022 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations is a Company Limited by Guarantee. Registered in England. Registered office
The Triangle Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge, CB2 8EA.
Registered company number 3484466. OCR is an exempt charity.
OCR operates academic and vocational qualifications regulated by Ofqual, Qualifications Wales and CCEA as listed in their
qualifications registers including A Levels, GCSEs, Cambridge Technicals and Cambridge Nationals.
OCR provides resources to help you deliver our qualifications. These resources do not represent any particular teaching method
we expect you to use. We update our resources regularly and aim to make sure content is accurate but please check the OCR
website so that you have the most up-to-date version. OCR cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions in these
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Though we make every effort to check our resources, there may be contradictions between published support and the
specification, so it is important that you always use information in the latest specification. We indicate any specification changes
within the document itself, change the version number and provide a summary of the changes. If you do notice a discrepancy
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information using our Expression of Interest form.
Please get in touch if you want to discuss the accessibility of resources we offer to support you in delivering our qualifications.
6 The sequence $\left\{ u _ { n } \right\}$ is such that $u _ { 1 } = 7 , u _ { 2 } = 37 , u _ { 3 } = 337 , u _ { 4 } = 3337 , \ldots$.
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Write down a first-order recurrence system for $\left\{ \mathrm { u } _ { \mathrm { n } } \right\}$.
\item By solving the recurrence system of part (a), show that $\mathrm { u } _ { \mathrm { n } } = \frac { 1 } { 3 } \left( 10 ^ { \mathrm { n } } + 11 \right)$.
\item Prove that $\left\{ \mathrm { u } _ { \mathrm { n } } \right\}$ contains infinitely many terms which are multiples of 37 .
\end{enumerate}

\hfill \mbox{\textit{OCR Further Additional Pure AS 2022 Q6 [14]}}