11 A student is investigating changes in the number of residents in Local Authorities in the SouthEast Region between 2001 and 2011. The scatter diagram shows the number \(x\) of residents in these Local Authorities in the age group 8 to 9 in 2001 and the number \(y\) of residents in the same Local Authorities in the age group 18 to 19 in 2011.
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1. Suggest a reason why the student is comparing these two age groups in 2001 and 2011. The student notices that most of the data points are close to the line \(y = x\).
2. 1. Explain what this suggests about the residents in these Local Authorities.
   2. The student says that correlation does not imply causation, so there is no causal link between the values of \(x\) and the values of \(y\). Explain whether or not they are correct.
3. Some of these Local Authorities contain universities.
   1. On the diagram in the Printed Answer Booklet, circle three points that are likely to represent Local Authorities containing universities.
   2. Give a reason for your choice of points in part (c)(i). Assume that the proportion of residents in age group 8 to 9 in 2001 was roughly the same in each Local Authority in the South-East. The Local Authority in this region with the largest population is Medway.
4. On the diagram in the Printed Answer Booklet, label clearly with the letter \(M\) the point that corresponds to Medway.