Edexcel M2 2016 January — Question 6 11 marks

Exam BoardEdexcel
ModuleM2 (Mechanics 2)
Year2016
SessionJanuary
Marks11
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicMoments
TypeRod hinged to wall with string support
DifficultyStandard +0.3 This is a standard M2 moments question requiring taking moments about the hinge, resolving forces parallel and perpendicular to the rod, and using a geometric constraint. Part (a) is a 'show that' with straightforward moment calculation, parts (b)(i)-(ii) involve routine resolution, and part (c) requires recognizing that φ > θ gives a constraint on b. All techniques are standard M2 material with no novel insight required, making it slightly easier than average.
Spec3.04b Equilibrium: zero resultant moment and force6.04e Rigid body equilibrium: coplanar forces

6. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{e6d100ff-dd4a-4591-a0a3-81761773045e-11_757_1269_233_331} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 3}
\end{figure} A uniform rod \(A B\), of mass \(3 m\) and length \(2 a\), is freely hinged at \(A\) to a fixed point on horizontal ground. A particle of mass \(m\) is attached to the rod at the end \(B\). The system is held in equilibrium by a force \(\mathbf { F }\) acting at the point \(C\), where \(A C = b\). The rod makes an acute angle \(\theta\) with the ground, as shown in Figure 3. The line of action of \(\mathbf { F }\) is perpendicular to the rod and in the same vertical plane as the rod.
  1. Show that the magnitude of \(\mathbf { F }\) is \(\frac { 5 m g a } { b } \cos \theta\) The force exerted on the rod by the hinge at \(A\) is \(\mathbf { R }\), which acts upwards at an angle \(\phi\) above the horizontal, where \(\phi > \theta\).
  2. Find
    1. the component of \(\mathbf { R }\) parallel to the rod, in terms of \(m , g\) and \(\theta\),
    2. the component of \(\mathbf { R }\) perpendicular to the rod, in terms of \(a , b , m , g\) and \(\theta\).
  3. Hence, or otherwise, find the range of possible values of \(b\), giving your answer in terms of \(a\).

Question 6
6(b)
X component:
AnswerMarks
M1Allow with \(F\). Requires all terms - condone trig confusion
\[\frac{5mga}{b} = F\sin\theta\cos\theta + \sin\theta\]
AnswerMarks
A1\(F\) substituted
\[\frac{5mga}{b}\]
Y component:
AnswerMarks
M1Allow with \(F\). Requires all terms - condone trig confusion and sign errors
\[\frac{5mga}{4mg} = F\cos^2\theta - 4mg\cos\theta\]
AnswerMarks
A1Correct unsimplified
A1Correct substituted
6(c)
AnswerMarks
M1
\[\tan\theta = \frac{\tan\theta_Y}{\tan\theta_X} = \frac{\frac{5a}{4}\cos^2\theta}{b}\]
\[\frac{5a}{b}\cos\sin\theta\]
\[\frac{5a}{4}\cos^2\theta - \frac{5a}{b}\sin^2\theta\]
\[\frac{5a}{4b} - \frac{5a}{b} \cdot \frac{5}{4}\]
AnswerMarks
A1CSO
7a
AnswerMarks
M1Equate horizontal components of speeds:
\[u\cos\theta = 6\cos 45° = 3\sqrt{2} = 4.24\ldots\]
AnswerMarks
A1Correct unsimplified
M1Use suvat for vertical speeds: condone sign errors
\[u\sin\theta = 2g - 6\sin 45° = 2g - 3\sqrt{2}\]
AnswerMarks
A1Correct unsimplified
DM1Dependent on previous 2 Ms. Follow their components.
\[\tan\theta = \frac{2g - 3\sqrt{2}}{3\sqrt{2}} = 3.61\ldots \approx 74.6° \text{ or } 75°\]
AnswerMarks
A1\(u = 15.93\ldots\) (m s\(^{-1}\))
7b
AnswerMarks
B1At max height, speed \(= u\cos\theta = 3\sqrt{2}\) (m s\(^{-1}\))
M1Correct for their \(v\) at the top, \(v \neq 0\)
\[KE = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.7 \times (3\sqrt{2})^2\]
AnswerMarks
A1Accept awrt 6.30. CSO
\[= 6.3 \text{ (J)}\]
7c
AnswerMarks
M1Use suvat to find first time \(v = 6\)
\[u\sin\theta - t = 3\sqrt{2}\]
AnswerMarks
A1
\[2g - 3\sqrt{2} - gt = 3\sqrt{2}\]
AnswerMarks
M1Solve for \(t\)
\[t = \frac{2g - 6\sqrt{2}}{g} = 1.13\ldots\]
AnswerMarks
A1Sensitive to premature approximation. Allow 1.14.
A1CAO accept awrt 0.87
\[T = 2 \times 1.13 - 0.87\]
Alt 7c (Method 1)
AnswerMarks
M1A1Find time from top to A:
\[6\sin 45° - gt = \frac{12\sqrt{2}}{2}\]
AnswerMarks
M1
\[T = 2t - \frac{g}{0.87}\]
AnswerMarks
A1Correct strategy
A1Correct unsimplified
Alt 7c (Method 2)
AnswerMarks
M1A1Time to top: \(u\sin\theta - gt\) (their \(u\))
\[t = 1.567\ldots\]
AnswerMarks
M1A1
\[T = 2 \times 2 - 1.567\ldots = 0.87\]
AnswerMarks
A1
Alt 7c (Method 3)
AnswerMarks
M1Vertical speed at A \(= -\) (vertical speed at B) \(= -\sqrt{36 - (3\sqrt{2})^2 + 3\sqrt{2}}\)
A1Or use the \(45°\) angle
M1Use suvat for AB. Correct use for their values
\[3\sqrt{2} - 3\sqrt{2} - gT\]
AnswerMarks
A1
\[T = 0.87\]
AnswerMarks
A1
Alt 7d
AnswerMarks
M1Form expression for \(v^2\). Inequality not needed at this stage
\[v^2 = (3\sqrt{2})^2 + u\sin\theta t^2 = 36\]
AnswerMarks
A1Correct inequality for \(v^2\)
\[18 - u\sin\theta t = 18\]
AnswerMarks
M1
\[t = \frac{u\sin\theta - 18}{g} = \frac{u\sin\theta - 18}{g}\]
AnswerMarks
A1
\[T = \frac{u\sin\theta - 18}{g} + \frac{u\sin\theta - 18}{g} = \frac{2 \times 18}{g} = 0.866\]
AnswerMarks
A1
# Question 6

## 6(b)

**X component:**

M1 | Allow with $F$. Requires all terms - condone trig confusion

$$\frac{5mga}{b} = F\sin\theta\cos\theta + \sin\theta$$

A1 | $F$ substituted

$$\frac{5mga}{b}$$

**Y component:**

M1 | Allow with $F$. Requires all terms - condone trig confusion and sign errors

$$\frac{5mga}{4mg} = F\cos^2\theta - 4mg\cos\theta$$

A1 | Correct unsimplified

A1 | Correct substituted

---

## 6(c)

M1 | 

$$\tan\theta = \frac{\tan\theta_Y}{\tan\theta_X} = \frac{\frac{5a}{4}\cos^2\theta}{b}$$

$$\frac{5a}{b}\cos\sin\theta$$

$$\frac{5a}{4}\cos^2\theta - \frac{5a}{b}\sin^2\theta$$

$$\frac{5a}{4b} - \frac{5a}{b} \cdot \frac{5}{4}$$

A1 | CSO

---

## 7a

M1 | Equate horizontal components of speeds:

$$u\cos\theta = 6\cos 45° = 3\sqrt{2} = 4.24\ldots$$

A1 | Correct unsimplified

M1 | Use suvat for vertical speeds: condone sign errors

$$u\sin\theta = 2g - 6\sin 45° = 2g - 3\sqrt{2}$$

A1 | Correct unsimplified

DM1 | Dependent on previous 2 Ms. Follow their components.

$$\tan\theta = \frac{2g - 3\sqrt{2}}{3\sqrt{2}} = 3.61\ldots \approx 74.6° \text{ or } 75°$$

A1 | $u = 15.93\ldots$ (m s$^{-1}$)

---

## 7b

B1 | At max height, speed $= u\cos\theta = 3\sqrt{2}$ (m s$^{-1}$)

M1 | Correct for their $v$ at the top, $v \neq 0$

$$KE = \frac{1}{2} \times 0.7 \times (3\sqrt{2})^2$$

A1 | Accept awrt 6.30. CSO

$$= 6.3 \text{ (J)}$$

---

## 7c

M1 | Use suvat to find first time $v = 6$

$$u\sin\theta - t = 3\sqrt{2}$$

A1 | 

$$2g - 3\sqrt{2} - gt = 3\sqrt{2}$$

M1 | Solve for $t$

$$t = \frac{2g - 6\sqrt{2}}{g} = 1.13\ldots$$

A1 | Sensitive to premature approximation. Allow 1.14.

A1 | CAO accept awrt 0.87

$$T = 2 \times 1.13 - 0.87$$

---

## Alt 7c (Method 1)

M1A1 | Find time from top to A:

$$6\sin 45° - gt = \frac{12\sqrt{2}}{2}$$

M1 | 

$$T = 2t - \frac{g}{0.87}$$

A1 | Correct strategy

A1 | Correct unsimplified

---

## Alt 7c (Method 2)

M1A1 | Time to top: $u\sin\theta - gt$ (their $u$)

$$t = 1.567\ldots$$

M1A1 | 

$$T = 2 \times 2 - 1.567\ldots = 0.87$$

A1 | 

---

## Alt 7c (Method 3)

M1 | Vertical speed at A $= -$ (vertical speed at B) $= -\sqrt{36 - (3\sqrt{2})^2 + 3\sqrt{2}}$

A1 | Or use the $45°$ angle

M1 | Use suvat for AB. Correct use for their values

$$3\sqrt{2} - 3\sqrt{2} - gT$$

A1 | 

$$T = 0.87$$

A1 | 

---

## Alt 7d

M1 | Form expression for $v^2$. Inequality not needed at this stage

$$v^2 = (3\sqrt{2})^2 + u\sin\theta t^2 = 36$$

A1 | Correct inequality for $v^2$

$$18 - u\sin\theta t = 18$$

M1 | 

$$t = \frac{u\sin\theta - 18}{g} = \frac{u\sin\theta - 18}{g}$$

A1 | 

$$T = \frac{u\sin\theta - 18}{g} + \frac{u\sin\theta - 18}{g} = \frac{2 \times 18}{g} = 0.866$$

A1 |
6.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{e6d100ff-dd4a-4591-a0a3-81761773045e-11_757_1269_233_331}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{Figure 3}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

A uniform rod $A B$, of mass $3 m$ and length $2 a$, is freely hinged at $A$ to a fixed point on horizontal ground. A particle of mass $m$ is attached to the rod at the end $B$. The system is held in equilibrium by a force $\mathbf { F }$ acting at the point $C$, where $A C = b$. The rod makes an acute angle $\theta$ with the ground, as shown in Figure 3. The line of action of $\mathbf { F }$ is perpendicular to the rod and in the same vertical plane as the rod.
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Show that the magnitude of $\mathbf { F }$ is $\frac { 5 m g a } { b } \cos \theta$

The force exerted on the rod by the hinge at $A$ is $\mathbf { R }$, which acts upwards at an angle $\phi$ above the horizontal, where $\phi > \theta$.
\item Find
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\roman*)]
\item the component of $\mathbf { R }$ parallel to the rod, in terms of $m , g$ and $\theta$,
\item the component of $\mathbf { R }$ perpendicular to the rod, in terms of $a , b , m , g$ and $\theta$.
\end{enumerate}\item Hence, or otherwise, find the range of possible values of $b$, giving your answer in terms of $a$.
\end{enumerate}

\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel M2 2016 Q6 [11]}}