Edexcel M1 2023 June — Question 5 11 marks

Exam BoardEdexcel
ModuleM1 (Mechanics 1)
Year2023
SessionJune
Marks11
PaperDownload PDF ↗
Mark schemeDownload PDF ↗
TopicConstant acceleration (SUVAT)
TypeMulti-phase journey: find unknown speed or time
DifficultyStandard +0.3 This is a standard M1 two-vehicle problem using speed-time graphs and SUVAT equations. Parts (a) and (c) are 'show that' questions requiring straightforward area calculations under trapezoids. Part (d) requires equating distances, but the algebra is routine. The problem involves multiple steps but uses only basic mechanics concepts with clear guidance throughout.
Spec3.02b Kinematic graphs: displacement-time and velocity-time3.02c Interpret kinematic graphs: gradient and area3.02d Constant acceleration: SUVAT formulae

5. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{f2737a11-4a15-41e9-9f87-31a705a8948b-12_629_1251_244_406} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 2}
\end{figure} The speed-time graph in Figure 2 illustrates the motion of a car travelling along a straight horizontal road.
At time \(t = 0\), the car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly for 30 s until it reaches a speed of \(V \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) The car then travels at a constant speed of \(V \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) until time \(t = T\) seconds.
  1. Show that the distance travelled by the car between \(t = 0\) and \(t = T\) seconds is \(V ( T - 15 )\) metres. A motorbike also travels along the same road.
    At time \(t = T\) seconds, the distance travelled by each vehicle is the same.
  2. Find the value of \(T\) \begin{figure}[h]
    \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{f2737a11-4a15-41e9-9f87-31a705a8948b-15_643_1266_1882_402} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 2}
    \end{figure}

Question 5:
Part (a):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Guidance
\(\left(\frac{T+T-30}{2}\right)V\)M1 Uses total area under graph to find expression for distance in terms of \(V\) and \(T\) only. May use trapezium, triangle+rectangle, rectangle minus triangle, or suvat
\(V(T-15)\) metresA1* Given answer correctly obtained (allow omission of 'metres')
Part (b):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Guidance
Correct shape with acceleration lines parallel and meeting at \((T, V)\)B1 B0 if continuous vertical line at \(t = T\)
Horizontal labels: \((10, 50, 60)\)B1 Accept appropriately labelled delineators. Independent of first B1. N.B. If graph not on given graphs, score B0B0
Part (c):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Guidance
\(\frac{speed}{40} = \frac{V}{30}\)M1 Correct method using gradients or suvat to obtain equation in \(V\) only
\(speed = \frac{4V}{3}\) ms\(^{-1}\)A1* Given answer correctly obtained
Part (d):
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Guidance
\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{4V}{3}\times 40\right)+\left(\frac{4V}{3}\times 10\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{4V}{3}+V\right)(T-60)\)M1 Find expression for TOTAL area under motorbike graph (or use suvat) for total distance in terms of \(V\) and \(T\) only. N.B. omitting the middle section is M0
Correct unsimplified expression with at most one errorA1
Correct unsimplified expression. Simplified: \(\frac{7VT}{6}-30V\)A1
Equate motorbike distance to \(V(T-15)\) to give equation in \(T\) onlyM1 \(V\)'s must cancel but need not be cancelled for this mark. Independent mark
\(T = 90\)A1 cao
ALT method:
AnswerMarks Guidance
Answer/WorkingMark Guidance
\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{V}{3}\right)(T-40+10)\)A1 Find area of upper trapezium and parallelogram (differences in areas)
\(10V\)A1
Equate to give equation in \(T\) only (\(V\) cancels)M1
\(T=90\)A1
# Question 5:

## Part (a):
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\left(\frac{T+T-30}{2}\right)V$ | M1 | Uses total area under graph to find expression for distance in terms of $V$ and $T$ only. May use trapezium, triangle+rectangle, rectangle minus triangle, or suvat |
| $V(T-15)$ metres | A1* | Given answer correctly obtained (allow omission of 'metres') |

## Part (b):
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| Correct shape with acceleration lines parallel and meeting at $(T, V)$ | B1 | B0 if continuous vertical line at $t = T$ |
| Horizontal labels: $(10, 50, 60)$ | B1 | Accept appropriately labelled delineators. Independent of first B1. N.B. If graph not on given graphs, score B0B0 |

## Part (c):
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\frac{speed}{40} = \frac{V}{30}$ | M1 | Correct method using gradients or suvat to obtain equation in $V$ only |
| $speed = \frac{4V}{3}$ ms$^{-1}$ | A1* | Given answer correctly obtained |

## Part (d):
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{4V}{3}\times 40\right)+\left(\frac{4V}{3}\times 10\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{4V}{3}+V\right)(T-60)$ | M1 | Find expression for TOTAL area under motorbike graph (or use suvat) for total distance in terms of $V$ and $T$ only. N.B. omitting the middle section is M0 |
| Correct unsimplified expression with at most one error | A1 | |
| Correct unsimplified expression. Simplified: $\frac{7VT}{6}-30V$ | A1 | |
| Equate motorbike distance to $V(T-15)$ to give equation in $T$ only | M1 | $V$'s must cancel but need not be cancelled for this mark. Independent mark |
| $T = 90$ | A1 | cao |

**ALT method:**
| Answer/Working | Mark | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| $\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{V}{3}\right)(T-40+10)$ | A1 | Find area of upper trapezium and parallelogram (differences in areas) |
| $10V$ | A1 | |
| Equate to give equation in $T$ only ($V$ cancels) | M1 | |
| $T=90$ | A1 | |

---
5.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{f2737a11-4a15-41e9-9f87-31a705a8948b-12_629_1251_244_406}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{Figure 2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The speed-time graph in Figure 2 illustrates the motion of a car travelling along a straight horizontal road.\\
At time $t = 0$, the car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly for 30 s until it reaches a speed of $V \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }$\\
The car then travels at a constant speed of $V \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }$ until time $t = T$ seconds.
\begin{enumerate}[label=(\alph*)]
\item Show that the distance travelled by the car between $t = 0$ and $t = T$ seconds is $V ( T - 15 )$ metres.

A motorbike also travels along the same road.

\begin{itemize}
  \item The motorbike starts from rest at time $\boldsymbol { t } = \mathbf { 1 0 } \mathbf { s }$ and accelerates uniformly for 40 s
  \item The acceleration of the motorbike is the same as the acceleration of the car
  \item The motorbike then travels at a constant speed for a further 10 s before decelerating uniformly until it reaches a speed of $V \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }$ at time $T$ seconds
\item On Figure 2, sketch a speed-time graph for the motion of the motorbike.\\[0pt]
[If you need to redraw your sketch, there is a copy of Figure 2 on page 15.]
\item Show that the constant speed of the motorbike is $\frac { 4 V } { 3 } \mathrm {~ms} ^ { - 1 }$
\end{itemize}

At time $t = T$ seconds, the distance travelled by each vehicle is the same.
\item Find the value of $T$

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{f2737a11-4a15-41e9-9f87-31a705a8948b-15_643_1266_1882_402}
\captionsetup{labelformat=empty}
\caption{Figure 2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{enumerate}

\hfill \mbox{\textit{Edexcel M1 2023 Q5 [11]}}