CAIE P3 (Pure Mathematics 3) 2011 November

1 Using the substitution \(u = \mathrm { e } ^ { x }\), or otherwise, solve the equation $$\mathrm { e } ^ { x } = 1 + 6 \mathrm { e } ^ { - x }$$ giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

2 The parametric equations of a curve are $$x = 3 \left( 1 + \sin ^ { 2 } t \right) , \quad y = 2 \cos ^ { 3 } t$$ Find \(\frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x }\) in terms of \(t\), simplifying your answer as far as possible.

3 The polynomial \(x ^ { 4 } + 3 x ^ { 3 } + a x + 3\) is denoted by \(\mathrm { p } ( x )\). It is given that \(\mathrm { p } ( x )\) is divisible by \(x ^ { 2 } - x + 1\).

1. Find the value of \(a\).
2. When \(a\) has this value, find the real roots of the equation \(\mathrm { p } ( x ) = 0\).

4 The variables \(x\) and \(\theta\) are related by the differential equation $$\sin 2 \theta \frac { \mathrm {~d} x } { \mathrm {~d} \theta } = ( x + 1 ) \cos 2 \theta$$ where \(0 < \theta < \frac { 1 } { 2 } \pi\). When \(\theta = \frac { 1 } { 12 } \pi , x = 0\). Solve the differential equation, obtaining an expression for \(x\) in terms of \(\theta\), and simplifying your answer as far as possible.

5

1. By sketching a suitable pair of graphs, show that the equation $$\sec x = 3 - \frac { 1 } { 2 } x ^ { 2 }$$ where \(x\) is in radians, has a root in the interval \(0 < x < \frac { 1 } { 2 } \pi\).
2. Verify by calculation that this root lies between 1 and 1.4.
3. Show that this root also satisfies the equation $$x = \cos ^ { - 1 } \left( \frac { 2 } { 6 - x ^ { 2 } } \right)$$
4. Use an iterative formula based on the equation in part (iii) to determine the root correct to 2 decimal places. Give the result of each iteration to 4 decimal places.

6

1. Express \(\cos x + 3 \sin x\) in the form \(R \cos ( x - \alpha )\), where \(R > 0\) and \(0 ^ { \circ } < \alpha < 90 ^ { \circ }\), giving the exact value of \(R\) and the value of \(\alpha\) correct to 2 decimal places.
2. Hence solve the equation \(\cos 2 \theta + 3 \sin 2 \theta = 2\), for \(0 ^ { \circ } < \theta < 90 ^ { \circ }\).

7 With respect to the origin \(O\), the position vectors of two points \(A\) and \(B\) are given by \(\overrightarrow { O A } = \mathbf { i } + 2 \mathbf { j } + 2 \mathbf { k }\) and \(\overrightarrow { O B } = 3 \mathbf { i } + 4 \mathbf { j }\). The point \(P\) lies on the line through \(A\) and \(B\), and \(\overrightarrow { A P } = \lambda \overrightarrow { A B }\).

1. Show that \(\overrightarrow { O P } = ( 1 + 2 \lambda ) \mathbf { i } + ( 2 + 2 \lambda ) \mathbf { j } + ( 2 - 2 \lambda ) \mathbf { k }\).
2. By equating expressions for \(\cos A O P\) and \(\cos B O P\) in terms of \(\lambda\), find the value of \(\lambda\) for which \(O P\) bisects the angle \(A O B\).
3. When \(\lambda\) has this value, verify that \(A P : P B = O A : O B\).

8 Let \(f ( x ) = \frac { 12 + 8 x - x ^ { 2 } } { ( 2 - x ) \left( 4 + x ^ { 2 } \right) }\).

1. Express \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\) in the form \(\frac { A } { 2 - x } + \frac { B x + C } { 4 + x ^ { 2 } }\).
2. Show that \(\int _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \mathrm { f } ( x ) \mathrm { d } x = \ln \left( \frac { 25 } { 2 } \right)\).

9
\includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{f421f03c-57c9-4feb-91b9-a7f9b12f96ce-3_666_956_1231_593} The diagram shows the curve \(y = x ^ { 2 } \ln x\) and its minimum point \(M\).

1. Find the exact values of the coordinates of \(M\).
2. Find the exact value of the area of the shaded region bounded by the curve, the \(x\)-axis and the line \(x = \mathrm { e }\).

10

1. Showing your working, find the two square roots of the complex number \(1 - ( 2 \sqrt { } 6 ) \mathrm { i }\). Give your answers in the form \(x + \mathrm { i } y\), where \(x\) and \(y\) are exact.
2. On a sketch of an Argand diagram, shade the region whose points represent the complex numbers \(z\) which satisfy the inequality \(| z - 3 i | \leqslant 2\). Find the greatest value of \(\arg z\) for points in this region.