Derive Newton-Raphson formula

A question is this type if and only if it requires showing that the Newton-Raphson iterative formula can be written in a specific given form, starting from f(x) = 0.

6 questions · Standard +0.1

1.09d Newton-Raphson method1.09e Iterative method failure: convergence conditions
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OCR FP2 2013 June Q5
8 marks Standard +0.3
5 You are given that the equation \(x ^ { 3 } + 4 x ^ { 2 } + x - 1 = 0\) has a root, \(\alpha\), where \(- 1 < \alpha < 0\).
  1. Show that the Newton-Raphson iterative formula for this equation can be written in the form $$x _ { n + 1 } = \frac { 2 x _ { n } ^ { 3 } + 4 x _ { n } ^ { 2 } + 1 } { 3 x _ { n } ^ { 2 } + 8 x _ { n } + 1 } .$$
  2. Using the initial value \(x _ { 1 } = - 0.7\), find \(x _ { 2 }\) and \(x _ { 3 }\) and find \(\alpha\) correct to 5 decimal places.
  3. The diagram shows a sketch of the curve \(y = x ^ { 3 } + 4 x ^ { 2 } + x - 1\) for \(- 1.5 \leqslant x \leqslant 1\). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{a80eb21f-c273-4b65-8617-16cdee783305-3_602_926_749_566} Using the copy of the diagram in your answer book, explain why the initial value \(x _ { 1 } = 0\) will fail to find \(\alpha\).
Edexcel Paper 2 2018 June Q5
6 marks Moderate -0.5
  1. The equation \(2 x ^ { 3 } + x ^ { 2 } - 1 = 0\) has exactly one real root.
    1. Show that, for this equation, the Newton-Raphson formula can be written
    $$x _ { n + 1 } = \frac { 4 x _ { n } ^ { 3 } + x _ { n } ^ { 2 } + 1 } { 6 x _ { n } ^ { 2 } + 2 x _ { n } }$$ Using the formula given in part (a) with \(x _ { 1 } = 1\)
  2. find the values of \(x _ { 2 }\) and \(x _ { 3 }\)
  3. Explain why, for this question, the Newton-Raphson method cannot be used with \(x _ { 1 } = 0\)
OCR MEI Further Numerical Methods 2019 June Q4
13 marks Standard +0.8
4 Fig. 4 shows the graph of \(y = x ^ { 5 } - 6 \sqrt { x } + 4\). \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{4838f71e-a1d0-4695-89d2-c7ebb47edd77-6_867_700_317_246} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 4}
\end{figure} There are two roots of the equation \(x ^ { 5 } - 6 \sqrt { x } + 4 = 0\). The roots are \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\), such that \(\alpha < \beta\).
  1. Show that \(0 < \alpha < 1\) and \(1 < \beta < 2\).
  2. Obtain the Newton-Raphson iterative formula $$x _ { n + 1 } = x _ { n } - \frac { x _ { n } ^ { \frac { 11 } { 2 } } - 6 x _ { n } + 4 \sqrt { x _ { n } } } { 5 x _ { n } ^ { \frac { 9 } { 2 } } - 3 }$$
  3. Use the iterative formula found in part (b) with a starting value of \(x _ { 0 } = 1\) to obtain \(\beta\) correct to 6 decimal places.
  4. Use the iterative formula found in part (b) with a starting value of \(x _ { 0 } = 0\) to find \(x _ { 1 }\).
  5. Give a geometrical explanation of why the Newton-Raphson iteration fails to find \(\alpha\) in part (d).
  6. Obtain the iterative formula $$x _ { n + 1 } = \left( \frac { x _ { n } ^ { 5 } + 4 } { 6 } \right) ^ { 2 }$$
  7. Use the iterative formula found in part (f) with a starting value of \(x _ { 0 } = 0\) to obtain \(\alpha\) correct to 6 decimal places.
OCR H240/01 Q9
9 marks Standard +0.3
9 The equation \(x ^ { 3 } - x ^ { 2 } - 5 x + 10 = 0\) has exactly one real root \(\alpha\).
  1. Show that the Newton-Raphson iterative formula for finding this root can be written as $$x _ { n + 1 } = \frac { 2 x _ { n } ^ { 3 } - x _ { n } ^ { 2 } - 10 } { 3 x _ { n } ^ { 2 } - 2 x _ { n } - 5 }$$
  2. Apply the iterative formula in part (a) with initial value \(x _ { 1 } = - 3\) to find \(x _ { 2 } , x _ { 3 } , x _ { 4 }\) correct to 4 significant figures.
  3. Use a change of sign method to show that \(\alpha = - 2.533\) is correct to 4 significant figures.
  4. Explain why the Newton-Raphson method with initial value \(x _ { 1 } = - 1\) would not converge to \(\alpha\).
OCR FP2 2010 January Q3
7 marks Moderate -0.3
\includegraphics{figure_3} A curve with no stationary points has equation \(y = f(x)\). The equation \(f(x) = 0\) has one real root \(\alpha\), and the Newton-Raphson method is to be used to find \(\alpha\). The tangent to the curve at the point \((x_1, f(x_1))\) meets the \(x\)-axis where \(x = x_2\) (see diagram).
  1. Show that \(x_2 = x_1 - \frac{f(x_1)}{f'(x_1)}\). [3]
  2. Describe briefly, with the help of a sketch, how the Newton-Raphson method, using an initial approximation \(x = x_1\), gives a sequence of approximations approaching \(\alpha\). [2]
  3. Use the Newton-Raphson method, with a first approximation of 1, to find a second approximation to the root of \(x^2 - 2\sinh x + 2 = 0\). [2]
OCR H240/01 2017 Specimen Q9
9 marks Standard +0.3
The equation \(x^3 - x^2 - 5x + 10 = 0\) has exactly one real root \(\alpha\).
  1. Show that the Newton-Raphson iterative formula for finding this root can be written as $$x_{n+1} = \frac{2x_n^3 - x_n^2 - 10}{3x_n^2 - 2x_n - 5}.$$ [3]
  2. Apply the iterative formula in part (a) with initial value \(x_1 = -3\) to find \(x_2, x_3, x_4\) correct to 4 significant figures. [1]
  3. Use a change of sign method to show that \(\alpha = -2.533\) is correct to 4 significant figures. [3]
  4. Explain why the Newton-Raphson method with initial value \(x_1 = -1\) would not converge to \(\alpha\). [2]