1.08a Fundamental theorem of calculus: integration as reverse of differentiation

241 questions

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CAIE M1 2019 June Q5
10 marks Standard +0.3
5 A particle \(P\) moves in a straight line from a fixed point \(O\). The velocity \(v \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) of \(P\) at time \(t \mathrm {~s}\) is given by $$v = t ^ { 2 } - 8 t + 12 \quad \text { for } 0 \leqslant t \leqslant 8$$
  1. Find the minimum velocity of \(P\).
  2. Find the total distance travelled by \(P\) in the interval \(0 \leqslant t \leqslant 8\). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{555678d3-f37d-4822-a005-de8c6094dc50-12_401_1102_260_520} Two particles \(A\) and \(B\), of masses 0.4 kg and 0.2 kg respectively, are connected by a light inextensible string. Particle \(A\) is held on a smooth plane inclined at an angle of \(\theta ^ { \circ }\) to the horizontal. The string passes over a small smooth pulley \(P\) fixed at the top of the plane, and \(B\) hangs freely 0.5 m above horizontal ground (see diagram). The particles are released from rest with both sections of the string taut.
  3. Given that the system is in equilibrium, find \(\theta\).
  4. It is given instead that \(\theta = 20\). In the subsequent motion particle \(A\) does not reach \(P\) and \(B\) remains at rest after reaching the ground.
    1. Find the tension in the string and the acceleration of the system.
    2. Find the speed of \(A\) at the instant \(B\) reaches the ground.
    3. Use an energy method to find the total distance \(A\) moves up the plane before coming to instantaneous rest.
      If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown.
CAIE M1 2019 June Q6
10 marks Standard +0.3
6 A particle \(P\) moves in a straight line. The acceleration \(a \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 2 }\) of \(P\) at time \(t \mathrm {~s}\) is given by \(a = 6 t - 12\). The displacement of \(P\) from a fixed point \(O\) on the line is \(s \mathrm {~m}\). It is given that \(s = 5\) when \(t = 1\) and \(s = 1\) when \(t = 3\).
  1. Show that \(s = t ^ { 3 } - 6 t ^ { 2 } + p t + q\), where \(p\) and \(q\) are constants to be found.
  2. Find the values of \(t\) when \(P\) is at instantaneous rest.
  3. Find the total distance travelled by \(P\) in the interval \(0 \leqslant t \leqslant 4\).
    If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown.
CAIE M1 2018 November Q7
12 marks Standard +0.3
7 A particle moves in a straight line starting from rest from a point \(O\). The acceleration of the particle at time \(t \mathrm {~s}\) after leaving \(O\) is \(a \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 2 }\), where $$a = 5.4 - 1.62 t$$
  1. Find the positive value of \(t\) at which the velocity of the particle is zero, giving your answer as an exact fraction.
  2. Find the velocity of the particle at \(t = 10\) and sketch the velocity-time graph for the first ten seconds of the motion.
  3. Find the total distance travelled during the first ten seconds of the motion.
    If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown.
CAIE M1 2018 November Q7
10 marks Standard +0.3
7 A particle moves in a straight line. The particle is initially at rest at a point \(O\) on the line. At time \(t \mathrm {~s}\) after leaving \(O\), the acceleration \(a \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 2 }\) of the particle is given by \(a = 25 - t ^ { 2 }\) for \(0 \leqslant t \leqslant 9\).
  1. Find the maximum velocity of the particle in this time period.
  2. Find the total distance travelled until the maximum velocity is reached.
    The acceleration of the particle for \(t > 9\) is given by \(a = - 3 t ^ { - \frac { 1 } { 2 } }\).
  3. Find the velocity of the particle when \(t = 25\).
    If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown.
CAIE M2 2016 November Q3
7 marks Standard +0.3
3 A small block \(B\) of mass 0.25 kg is released from rest at a point \(O\) on a smooth horizontal surface. After its release the velocity of \(B\) is \(v \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) when its displacement is \(x \mathrm {~m}\) from \(O\). The force acting on \(B\) has magnitude \(\left( 2 + 0.3 x ^ { 2 } \right) \mathrm { N }\) and is directed horizontally away from \(O\).
  1. Show that \(v \frac { \mathrm {~d} v } { \mathrm {~d} x } = 1.2 x ^ { 2 } + 8\).
  2. Find the velocity of \(B\) when \(x = 1.5\). An extra force acts on \(B\) after \(x = 1.5\). It is given that, when \(x > 1.5\), $$v \frac { \mathrm {~d} v } { \mathrm {~d} x } = 1.2 x ^ { 2 } + 6 - 3 x$$
  3. Find the magnitude of this extra force and state the direction in which it acts.
CAIE M2 2016 November Q5
8 marks Standard +0.3
5 A particle \(P\) of mass 0.4 kg is released from rest at a point \(O\) on a smooth plane inclined at \(30 ^ { \circ }\) to the horizontal. A force of magnitude \(3 \mathrm { e } ^ { - t } \mathrm {~N}\) directed up a line of greatest slope acts on \(P\), where \(t \mathrm {~s}\) is the time after release.
  1. Show that \(\frac { \mathrm { d } v } { \mathrm {~d} t } = 7.5 \mathrm { e } ^ { - t } - 5\), where \(v \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) is the velocity of \(P\) up the plane at time \(t \mathrm {~s}\).
  2. Express \(v\) in terms of \(t\).
  3. Find the distance of \(P\) from \(O\) when \(v\) has its maximum value.
CAIE M2 2017 November Q1
4 marks Challenging +1.2
1 A particle \(P\) of mass 0.2 kg is released from rest at a point \(O\) on a smooth horizontal surface. A horizontal force of magnitude \(t \mathrm { e } ^ { - v } \mathrm {~N}\) directed away from \(O\) acts on \(P\), where \(v \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) is the velocity of \(P\) at time \(t \mathrm {~s}\) after release. Find the velocity of \(P\) when \(t = 2\).
Edexcel P1 2021 January Q9
11 marks Moderate -0.3
9. (i) Find $$\int \frac { ( 3 x + 2 ) ^ { 2 } } { 4 \sqrt { x } } \mathrm {~d} x \quad x > 0$$ giving your answer in simplest form.
(ii) A curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). Given
  • \(\mathrm { f } ^ { \prime } ( x ) = x ^ { 2 } + a x + b\) where \(a\) and \(b\) are constants
  • the \(y\) intercept of \(C\) is - 8
  • the point \(P ( 3 , - 2 )\) lies on \(C\)
  • the gradient of \(C\) at \(P\) is 2
    find, in simplest form, \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\).
\includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{6a5d0ffc-a725-404b-842a-f3b6000e6fed-31_2255_50_314_34}
Edexcel P1 2022 June Q7
9 marks Moderate -0.3
7. The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x ) , x > 0\) Given that
  • \(\mathrm { f } ^ { \prime } ( x ) = \frac { 2 } { \sqrt { x } } + \frac { A } { x ^ { 2 } } + 3\), where \(A\) is a constant
  • \(\mathrm { f } ^ { \prime \prime } ( x ) = 0\) when \(x = 4\)
    1. find the value of \(A\).
Given also that
Edexcel P1 2024 June Q10
10 marks Moderate -0.3
  1. The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) where \(x > 0\)
Given that
  • \(\mathrm { f } ^ { \prime } ( x ) = 6 x - \frac { ( 2 x - 1 ) ( 3 x + 2 ) } { 2 \sqrt { x } }\)
  • the point \(P ( 4,12 )\) lies on \(C\)
    1. find the equation of the normal to \(C\) at \(P\), giving your answer in the form \(y = m x + c\) where \(m\) and \(c\) are integers to be found,
    2. find \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\), giving each term in simplest form.
Edexcel P1 2019 October Q11
10 marks Moderate -0.8
  1. A curve has equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
The point \(P \left( 4 , \frac { 32 } { 3 } \right)\) lies on the curve.
Given that
  • \(\mathrm { f } ^ { \prime \prime } ( x ) = \frac { 4 } { \sqrt { x } } - 3\)
  • \(\quad \mathrm { f } ^ { \prime } ( x ) = 5\) at \(P\) find
    1. the equation of the tangent to the curve at \(P\), writing your answer in the form \(y = m x + c\), where \(m\) and \(c\) are constants to be found,
    2. \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\).
Edexcel P1 2020 October Q9
6 marks Moderate -0.3
9. A curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) passes through the point \(( 9,10 )\). Given that $$f ^ { \prime } ( x ) = 27 x ^ { 2 } - \frac { 21 x ^ { 3 } - 5 x } { 2 \sqrt { x } } \quad x > 0$$ find \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\), fully simplifying each term.
Edexcel P1 2021 October Q1
5 marks Easy -1.2
  1. Find
$$\int 12 x ^ { 3 } + \frac { 1 } { 6 \sqrt { x } } - \frac { 3 } { 2 x ^ { 4 } } \mathrm {~d} x$$ giving each term in simplest form.
Edexcel P1 2021 October Q9
9 marks Moderate -0.3
9. In this question you must show all stages of your working. Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{f1e1d4f5-dd27-4839-a6f3-f6906666302c-26_595_716_420_662} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 5}
\end{figure} Figure 5 shows a sketch of the curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) where $$\mathrm { f } ( x ) = \sqrt { x } \quad x > 0$$ The point \(P ( 9,3 )\) lies on the curve and is shown in Figure 5.
On the next page there is a copy of Figure 5 called Diagram 1.
  1. On Diagram 1, sketch and clearly label the graphs of $$y = \mathrm { f } ( 2 x ) \text { and } y = \mathrm { f } ( x ) + 3$$ Show on each graph the coordinates of the point to which \(P\) is transformed. The graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( 2 x )\) meets the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x ) + 3\) at the point \(Q\).
  2. Show that the \(x\) coordinate of \(Q\) is the solution of $$\sqrt { x } = 3 ( \sqrt { 2 } + 1 )$$
  3. Hence find, in simplest form, the coordinates of \(Q\).
    \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}]{f1e1d4f5-dd27-4839-a6f3-f6906666302c-27_599_720_274_660}
    \section*{Diagram 1} Turn over for a copy of Diagram 1 if you need to redraw your graphs. Only use this copy if you need to redraw your graphs. \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{f1e1d4f5-dd27-4839-a6f3-f6906666302c-29_600_718_1991_660} Copy of Diagram 1
Edexcel P1 2022 October Q4
6 marks Standard +0.3
  1. In this question you must show detailed reasoning. Solutions relying on calculator technology are not acceptable.
$$f ( x ) = x ^ { 2 } ( 2 x + 1 ) - 15 x$$
  1. Solve $$\mathrm { f } ( x ) = 0$$
  2. Hence solve $$y ^ { \frac { 4 } { 3 } } \left( 2 y ^ { \frac { 2 } { 3 } } + 1 \right) - 15 y ^ { \frac { 2 } { 3 } } = 0 \quad y > 0$$ giving your answer in simplified surd form.
Edexcel P1 2023 October Q7
10 marks Moderate -0.3
  1. The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) where \(x > 0\)
Given that
  • \(f ^ { \prime } ( x ) = \frac { 4 x ^ { 2 } + 10 - 7 x ^ { \frac { 1 } { 2 } } } { 4 x ^ { \frac { 1 } { 2 } } }\)
  • the point \(P ( 4 , - 1 )\) lies on \(C\)
    1. (i) find the value of the gradient of \(C\) at \(P\) (ii) Hence find the equation of the normal to \(C\) at \(P\), giving your answer in the form \(a x + b y + c = 0\) where \(a , b\) and \(c\) are integers to be found.
    2. Find \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\).
Edexcel C12 2014 June Q7
10 marks Moderate -0.8
7. (i) A curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) passes through the point \(( 2,3 )\). Given that $$f ^ { \prime } ( x ) = \frac { 4 } { x ^ { 3 } } + 2 x - 1$$ find the value of \(\mathrm { f } ( 1 )\).
(ii) Given that $$\int _ { 1 } ^ { 4 } ( 3 \sqrt { x } + A ) \mathrm { d } x = 21$$ find the exact value of the constant \(A\).
Edexcel C12 2016 June Q15
11 marks Standard +0.3
15. \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{aa75f1c1-ee97-4fee-af98-957e6a3fbba1-23_609_493_223_762} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 5}
\end{figure} Figure 5 shows a design for a water barrel.
It is in the shape of a right circular cylinder with height \(h \mathrm {~cm}\) and radius \(r \mathrm {~cm}\). The barrel has a base but has no lid, is open at the top and is made of material of negligible thickness. The barrel is designed to hold \(60000 \mathrm {~cm} ^ { 3 }\) of water when full.
  1. Show that the total external surface area, \(S \mathrm {~cm} ^ { 2 }\), of the barrel is given by the formula $$S = \pi r ^ { 2 } + \frac { 120000 } { r }$$
  2. Use calculus to find the minimum value of \(S\), giving your answer to 3 significant figures.
  3. Justify that the value of \(S\) you found in part (b) is a minimum.
Edexcel C12 2018 June Q11
10 marks Moderate -0.3
11. The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x ) , x > 0\), where $$f ^ { \prime } ( x ) = \frac { 5 x ^ { 2 } + 4 } { 2 \sqrt { x } } - 5$$ It is given that the point \(P ( 4,14 )\) lies on \(C\).
  1. Find \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\), writing each term in a simplified form.
  2. Find the equation of the tangent to \(C\) at the point \(P\), giving your answer in the form \(y = m x + c\), where \(m\) and \(c\) are constants.
Edexcel C1 2005 January Q9
11 marks Moderate -0.3
9. The gradient of the curve \(C\) is given by $$\frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x } = ( 3 x - 1 ) ^ { 2 } .$$ The point \(P ( 1,4 )\) lies on \(C\).
  1. Find an equation of the normal to \(C\) at \(P\).
  2. Find an equation for the curve \(C\) in the form \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
  3. Using \(\frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x } = ( 3 x - 1 ) ^ { 2 }\), show that there is no point on \(C\) at which the tangent is parallel to the line \(y = 1 - 2 x\).
Edexcel C1 2006 January Q8
7 marks Moderate -0.5
  1. The curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) passes through the point \(( 1,6 )\). Given that
$$f ^ { \prime } ( x ) = 3 + \frac { 5 x ^ { 2 } + 2 } { x ^ { \frac { 1 } { 2 } } } , x > 0$$ find \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\) and simplify your answer.
Edexcel C1 2007 January Q7
9 marks Moderate -0.3
7. The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x ) , x \neq 0\), and the point \(P ( 2,1 )\) lies on \(C\). Given that $$f ^ { \prime } ( x ) = 3 x ^ { 2 } - 6 - \frac { 8 } { x ^ { 2 } } ,$$
  1. find \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\).
  2. Find an equation for the tangent to \(C\) at the point \(P\), giving your answer in the form \(y = m x + c\), where \(m\) and \(c\) are integers.
Edexcel C1 2008 January Q9
10 marks Moderate -0.3
9. The curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x ) , x > 0\), and \(\mathrm { f } ^ { \prime } ( x ) = 4 x - 6 \sqrt { } x + \frac { 8 } { x ^ { 2 } }\). Given that the point \(P ( 4,1 )\) lies on \(C\),
  1. find \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\) and simplify your answer.
  2. Find an equation of the normal to \(C\) at the point \(P ( 4,1 )\).
Edexcel C1 2012 January Q7
5 marks Easy -1.2
  1. A curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) passes through the point \(( 2,10 )\). Given that
$$f ^ { \prime } ( x ) = 3 x ^ { 2 } - 3 x + 5$$ find the value of \(\mathrm { f } ( 1 )\).
Edexcel C1 2013 January Q8
6 marks Moderate -0.8
8. $$\frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x } = - x ^ { 3 } + \frac { 4 x - 5 } { 2 x ^ { 3 } } , \quad x \neq 0$$ Given that \(y = 7\) at \(x = 1\), find \(y\) in terms of \(x\), giving each term in its simplest form.