1.02w Graph transformations: simple transformations of f(x)

9 Answer parts (i) and (iii) on the insert provided. Fig. 9 shows a sketch graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). \begin{figure}[h] \end{figure}

1. On the Insert sketch graphs of
   (A) \(y = 2 \mathrm { f } ( x )\),
   (B) \(y = \mathrm { f } ( - x )\),
   (C) \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x - 2 )\) In each case describe the transformations.
2. Explain why the function \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) does not have an inverse function.
3. The function \(\mathrm { g } ( x )\) is defined as follows: $$\mathrm { g } ( x ) = \mathrm { f } ( x ) \text { for } x \geq 0$$ On the Insert sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { g } ^ { - 1 } ( x )\).
4. You are given that \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = x ^ { 2 } ( x + 2 )\). Calculate the gradient of the curve \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) at the point \(( 1,3 )\).
   Deduce the gradient of the function \(\mathrm { g } ^ { - 1 } ( x )\) at the point where \(x = 3\).
5. Show that \(\mathrm { g } ( x )\) and \(\mathrm { g } ^ { - 1 } ( x )\) cross where \(x = - 1 + \sqrt { 2 }\). \section*{Insert for question 9.}
6. (A) On the axes below sketch the graph of \(y = 2 \mathrm { f } ( x )\). Describe the transformation. \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{3f8be5ab-d241-4027-af26-c49da9394adc-5_563_1102_484_395} Description:
7. (B) On the axes below sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( - x )\). Describe the transformation. \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{3f8be5ab-d241-4027-af26-c49da9394adc-5_588_1154_1576_404} Description:
8. (C) On the axes below sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x - 2 )\). Describe the transformation. \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{3f8be5ab-d241-4027-af26-c49da9394adc-6_615_1230_402_406} Description:
9. The function \(\mathrm { g } ( x )\) is defined as follows: $$\mathrm { g } ( x ) = \mathrm { f } ( x ) \text { for } x \geq 0$$ On the axes below sketch the graph of \(y = g ^ { - 1 } ( x )\). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{3f8be5ab-d241-4027-af26-c49da9394adc-6_677_1356_1567_312}

5 The diagram shows the graph of \(y = \sin x ^ { \circ }\) for \(0 \leqslant x \leqslant 360\). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{85de9a39-f8be-40ee-b0c8-e2e632be93d8-4_597_965_1909_539} Find an equation for the transformed curve when the curve \(y = \sin x ^ { \circ }\) is reflected in

1. the \(x\)-axis,
2. the line \(y = 0.5\).

10 \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{a16ab26f-21fb-4a73-8b94-c16bef611bcb-7_524_714_274_246} The diagram shows the graph of \(y = - \tan ^ { - 1 } \left( \frac { 1 } { 2 } x - \frac { 1 } { 3 } \pi \right)\), which crosses the \(x\)-axis at the point \(A\) and the \(y\)-axis at the point \(B\).

1. Determine the coordinates of the points \(A\) and \(B\).
2. Give full details of a sequence of three geometrical transformations which transform the graph of \(y = \tan ^ { - 1 } x\) to the graph of \(y = - \tan ^ { - 1 } \left( \frac { 1 } { 2 } x - \frac { 1 } { 3 } \pi \right)\). The equation \(x = - \tan ^ { - 1 } \left( \frac { 1 } { 2 } x - \frac { 1 } { 3 } \pi \right)\) has only one root.
3. Show by calculation that this root lies between \(x = 0\) and \(x = 1\).
4. Use the iterative formula \(x _ { n + 1 } = - \tan ^ { - 1 } \left( \frac { 1 } { 2 } x _ { n } - \frac { 1 } { 3 } \pi \right)\), with a suitable starting value, to find the root correct to 3 significant figures. Show the result of each iteration.
5. Using the diagram in the Printed Answer Booklet, show how the iterative process converges to the root.

5 A curve has parametric equations $$x = \theta - k \sin \theta , \quad y = 1 - \cos \theta ,$$ where \(k\) is a positive constant.

1. For the case \(k = 1\), use your graphical calculator to sketch the curve. Describe its main features.
2. Sketch the curve for a value of \(k\) between 0 and 1 . Describe briefly how the main features differ from those for the case \(k = 1\).
3. For the case \(k = 2\) :
   (A) sketch the curve;
   (B) find \(\frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x }\) in terms of \(\theta\);
   (C) show that the width of each loop, measured parallel to the \(x\)-axis, is $$2 \sqrt { 3 } - \frac { 2 \pi } { 3 }$$
4. Use your calculator to find, correct to one decimal place, the value of \(k\) for which successive loops just touch each other.

4. \begin{figure}[h] \end{figure} Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). The curve passes through the origin \(O\) and through the point \(( 6,0 )\). The maximum point on the curve is \(( 3,5 )\). On separate diagrams, sketch the curve with equation

1. \(y = 3 \mathrm { f } ( x )\),
2. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x + 2 )\). On each diagram, show clearly the coordinates of the maximum point and of each point at which the curve crosses the \(x\)-axis.

6. \begin{figure}[h] \end{figure} Figure 1 shows part of the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x ) , x \in \mathbb { R }\). The graph consists of two line segments that meet at the point \(( 1 , a ) , a < 0\). One line meets the \(x\)-axis at \(( 3,0 )\). The other line meets the \(x\)-axis at \(( - 1,0 )\) and the \(y\)-axis at \(( 0 , b ) , b < 0\). In separate diagrams, sketch the graph with equation

1. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x + 1 )\),
2. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( | x | )\). Indicate clearly on each sketch the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes.
   Given that \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = | x - 1 | - 2\), find
3. the value of \(a\) and the value of \(b\),
4. the value of \(x\) for which \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = 5 x\).

6. \begin{figure}[h] \end{figure} Figure 1 shows part of the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x ) , x \in \mathbb { R }\). The graph consists of two line segments that meet at the point \(( 1 , a ) , a < 0\). One line meets the \(x\)-axis at \(( 3,0 )\). The other line meets the \(x\)-axis at \(( - 1,0 )\) and the \(y\)-axis at \(( 0 , b ) , b < 0\). In separate diagrams, sketch the graph with equation

1. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x + 1 )\),
2. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( | x | )\). Indicate clearly on each sketch the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes. Given that \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = | x - 1 | - 2\), find
3. the value of \(a\) and the value of \(b\),
4. the value of \(x\) for which \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = 5 x\).

3

1. 1. Express \(x ^ { 2 } + 10 x + 19\) in the form \(( x + p ) ^ { 2 } + q\), where \(p\) and \(q\) are integers.
   2. Write down the coordinates of the vertex (minimum point) of the curve with equation \(y = x ^ { 2 } + 10 x + 19\).
   3. Write down the equation of the line of symmetry of the curve \(y = x ^ { 2 } + 10 x + 19\).
   4. Describe geometrically the transformation that maps the graph of \(y = x ^ { 2 }\) onto the graph of \(y = x ^ { 2 } + 10 x + 19\).
2. Determine the coordinates of the points of intersection of the line \(y = x + 11\) and the curve \(y = x ^ { 2 } + 10 x + 19\).

4

1. Express \(x ^ { 2 } - 3 x + 4\) in the form \(( x - p ) ^ { 2 } + q\), where \(p\) and \(q\) are rational numbers.
   (2 marks)
2. Hence write down the minimum value of the expression \(x ^ { 2 } - 3 x + 4\).
3. Describe the geometrical transformation that maps the graph of \(y = x ^ { 2 }\) onto the graph of \(y = x ^ { 2 } - 3 x + 4\).

8

1. Solve the equation \(\cos x = 0.3\) in the interval \(0 \leqslant x \leqslant 2 \pi\), giving your answers in radians to three significant figures.
2. The diagram shows the graph of \(y = \cos x\) for \(0 \leqslant x \leqslant 2 \pi\) and the line \(y = k\). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{c16d94a6-52f2-4bf3-acee-0b227ae55a1a-5_524_805_559_648} The line \(y = k\) intersects the curve \(y = \cos x , 0 \leqslant x \leqslant 2 \pi\), at the points \(P\) and \(Q\). The point \(M\) is the minimum point of the curve.
   1. Write down the coordinates of the point \(M\).
   2. The \(x\)-coordinate of \(P\) is \(\alpha\). Write down the \(x\)-coordinate of \(Q\) in terms of \(\pi\) and \(\alpha\).
3. Describe the geometrical transformation that maps the graph of \(y = \cos x\) onto the graph of \(y = \cos 2 x\).
4. Solve the equation \(\cos 2 x = \cos \frac { 4 \pi } { 5 }\) in the interval \(0 \leqslant x \leqslant 2 \pi\), giving the values of \(x\) in terms of \(\pi\).
   (4 marks)

7

1. Sketch the graph of \(y = \tan x\) for \(0 ^ { \circ } \leqslant x \leqslant 360 ^ { \circ }\).
2. Write down the two solutions of the equation \(\tan x = \tan 61 ^ { \circ }\) in the interval \(0 ^ { \circ } \leqslant x \leqslant 360 ^ { \circ }\).
3. 1. Given that \(\sin \theta + \cos \theta = 0\), show that \(\tan \theta = - 1\).
   2. Hence solve the equation \(\sin \left( x - 20 ^ { \circ } \right) + \cos \left( x - 20 ^ { \circ } \right) = 0\) in the interval \(0 ^ { \circ } \leqslant x \leqslant 360 ^ { \circ }\).
4. Describe the single geometrical transformation that maps the graph of \(y = \tan x\) onto the graph of \(y = \tan \left( x - 20 ^ { \circ } \right)\).
5. The curve \(y = \tan x\) is stretched in the \(x\)-direction with scale factor \(\frac { 1 } { 4 }\) to give the curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). Write down an expression for \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\).

7

1. The sketch shows the graph of \(y = \sin ^ { - 1 } x\). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{9aac4ee4-2435-4315-a87d-fe9fa8e15665-006_819_824_456_591} Write down the coordinates of the points \(P\) and \(Q\), the end-points of the graph.
2. Sketch the graph of \(y = - \sin ^ { - 1 } ( x - 1 )\).

5 The diagram shows part of the graph of \(y = \mathrm { e } ^ { 2 x } - 9\). The graph cuts the coordinate axes at \(( 0 , a )\) and \(( b , 0 )\). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{908f530c-076d-47b1-90dd-38dbfe44f898-03_826_924_477_541}

1. State the value of \(a\), and show that \(b = \ln 3\).
2. Show that \(y ^ { 2 } = \mathrm { e } ^ { 4 x } - 18 \mathrm { e } ^ { 2 x } + 81\).
3. The shaded region \(R\) is rotated through \(360 ^ { \circ }\) about the \(x\)-axis. Find the volume of the solid formed, giving your answer in the form \(\pi ( p \ln 3 + q )\), where \(p\) and \(q\) are integers.
4. Sketch the curve with equation \(y = \left| \mathrm { e } ^ { 2 x } - 9 \right|\) for \(x \geqslant 0\).

7

1. The sketch shows the graph of \(y = \sin ^ { - 1 } x\). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{908f530c-076d-47b1-90dd-38dbfe44f898-05_835_834_447_587} Write down the coordinates of the points \(P\) and \(Q\), the end-points of the graph.
2. Sketch the graph of \(y = - \sin ^ { - 1 } ( x - 1 )\).

8 The sketch shows the graph of \(y = \cos ^ { - 1 } x\). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{59b896ae-60ce-49ea-9c70-0f76fc5fffae-5_593_686_383_683}

1. Write down the coordinates of \(P\) and \(Q\), the end points of the graph.
2. Describe a sequence of two geometrical transformations that maps the graph of \(y = \cos ^ { - 1 } x\) onto the graph of \(y = 2 \cos ^ { - 1 } ( x - 1 )\).
3. Sketch the graph of \(y = 2 \cos ^ { - 1 } ( x - 1 )\).
4. 1. Write the equation \(y = 2 \cos ^ { - 1 } ( x - 1 )\) in the form \(x = \mathrm { f } ( y )\).
   2. Hence find the value of \(\frac { \mathrm { d } x } { \mathrm {~d} y }\) when \(y = 2\).

5

1. Use the mid-ordinate rule with four strips to find an estimate for \(\int _ { 0 } ^ { 12 } \ln \left( x ^ { 2 } + 5 \right) \mathrm { d } x\), giving your answer to three significant figures.
2. A curve has equation \(y = \ln \left( x ^ { 2 } + 5 \right)\).
   1. Show that this equation can be rewritten as \(x ^ { 2 } = \mathrm { e } ^ { y } - 5\).
   2. The region bounded by the curve, the lines \(y = 5\) and \(y = 10\) and the \(y\)-axis is rotated through \(360 ^ { \circ }\) about the \(y\)-axis. Find the exact value of the volume of the solid generated.
3. The graph with equation \(y = \ln \left( x ^ { 2 } + 5 \right)\) is stretched with scale factor 4 parallel to the \(x\)-axis, and then translated through \(\left[ \begin{array} { l } 0 \\ 3 \end{array} \right]\) to give the graph with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). Write down an expression for \(\mathrm { f } ( x )\).

2

1. Differentiate \(( x - 1 ) ^ { 4 }\) with respect to \(x\).
2. The diagram shows the curve with equation \(y = 2 \sqrt { ( x - 1 ) ^ { 3 } }\) for \(x \geqslant 1\). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{9fd9fa54-b0e6-413d-8645-de34b99b859a-02_789_1180_1190_431} The shaded region \(R\) is bounded by the curve \(y = 2 \sqrt { ( x - 1 ) ^ { 3 } }\), the lines \(x = 2\) and \(x = 4\), and the \(x\)-axis. Find the exact value of the volume of the solid formed when the region \(R\) is rotated through \(360 ^ { \circ }\) about the \(x\)-axis.
3. Describe a sequence of two geometrical transformations that maps the graph of \(y = \sqrt { x ^ { 3 } }\) onto the graph of \(y = 2 \sqrt { ( x - 1 ) ^ { 3 } }\).

2

1. Sketch, on the axes below, the curve with equation \(y = 4 - | 2 x + 1 |\), indicating the coordinates where the curve crosses the axes.
2. Solve the equation \(x = 4 - | 2 x + 1 |\).
3. Solve the inequality \(x < 4 - | 2 x + 1 |\).
4. Describe a sequence of two geometrical transformations that maps the graph of \(y = | 2 x + 1 |\) onto the graph of \(y = 4 - | 2 x + 1 |\).
   [0pt] [4 marks] \section*{Answer space for question 2}
   1. \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{2df59047-3bfe-4b9c-a77f-142bc7506cbc-04_851_1459_1000_319}

3

1. It is given that the curves with equations \(y = 6 \ln x\) and \(y = 8 x - x ^ { 2 } - 3\) intersect at a single point where \(x = \alpha\).
   1. Show that \(\alpha\) lies between 5 and 6 .
   2. Show that the equation \(x = 4 + \sqrt { 13 - 6 \ln x }\) can be rearranged into the form $$6 \ln x + x ^ { 2 } - 8 x + 3 = 0$$
   3. Use the iterative formula $$x _ { n + 1 } = 4 + \sqrt { 13 - 6 \ln x _ { n } }$$ with \(x _ { 1 } = 5\) to find the values of \(x _ { 2 }\) and \(x _ { 3 }\), giving your answers to three decimal places.
2. A curve has equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) where \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = 6 \ln x + x ^ { 2 } - 8 x + 3\).
   1. Find the exact values of the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve.
   2. Hence, or otherwise, find the exact values of the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve with equation $$y = 2 \mathrm { f } ( x - 4 )$$

2 A curve has equation $$\frac { x ^ { 2 } } { 9 } + \frac { y ^ { 2 } } { 4 } = 1$$

1. Sketch the curve, showing the coordinates of the points of intersection with the coordinate axes.
2. Calculate the \(y\)-coordinates of the points of intersection of the curve with the line \(x = 1\). Give your answers in the form \(p \sqrt { 2 }\), where \(p\) is a rational number.
3. The curve is translated one unit in the positive \(x\) direction. Write down the equation of the curve after the translation.

5 The diagram shows the hyperbola $$\frac { x ^ { 2 } } { 4 } - y ^ { 2 } = 1$$ and its asymptotes. \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{a0a30197-ca11-40d9-9ccd-30281c5e0fb4-03_531_1013_616_516}

1. Write down the equations of the two asymptotes.
2. The points on the hyperbola for which \(x = 4\) are denoted by \(A\) and \(B\). Find, in surd form, the \(y\)-coordinates of \(A\) and \(B\).
3. The hyperbola and its asymptotes are translated by two units in the positive \(y\) direction. Write down:
   1. the \(y\)-coordinates of the image points of \(A\) and \(B\) under this translation;
   2. the equations of the hyperbola and the asymptotes after the translation.

7

1. Describe a geometrical transformation by which the hyperbola $$x ^ { 2 } - 4 y ^ { 2 } = 1$$ can be obtained from the hyperbola \(x ^ { 2 } - y ^ { 2 } = 1\).
2. The diagram shows the hyperbola \(H\) with equation $$x ^ { 2 } - y ^ { 2 } - 4 x + 3 = 0$$
   \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}]{e44987a7-2cdf-442a-aecb-abd3e889ecd4-4_951_1216_824_402}
   By completing the square, describe a geometrical transformation by which the hyperbola \(H\) can be obtained from the hyperbola \(x ^ { 2 } - y ^ { 2 } = 1\).

4.A curve \(C\) has equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) where \(x \in \mathbb { R }\) and f is a one-one function.

1. Describe a single transformation that transforms \(C\) to the curve with equation \(y = - \mathrm { f } ( - x )\) . The curve \(C\) is reflected in the line with equation \(y = - x\) to give the curve \(V\) . The equation of \(V\) is \(y = \mathrm { g } ( x )\) .
2. Explain why \(\mathrm { g } ^ { - 1 } ( x ) = - \mathrm { f } ( - x )\) . \begin{figure}[h]
   \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{2a7c2530-a93c-4a26-bc37-c20c0f40c8f2-3_793_979_819_633} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Figure 1}
   \end{figure} Figure 1 shows a sketch of the curve \(C\) with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) where $$\mathrm { f } ( x ) = \frac { 3 ( x - 1 ) } { x - 2 } \quad x \in \mathbb { R } , x \neq 2$$ The curve has asymptotes with equations \(x = p\) and \(y = q\) and \(C\) crosses the \(x\)-axis at the point \(A\) and the \(y\)-axis at the point \(B\) .
3. Write down the value of \(p\) and the value of \(q\) .
4. Write down the coordinates of the point \(A\) and the coordinates of the point \(B\) . Given the definition of \(\mathrm { g } ( x )\) in part(b),
5. find the function g .
6. Solve \(\mathrm { g } ^ { - 1 } \mathrm { f } ( x ) = x\)

3 The diagram below shows the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{6c16d9e2-7698-48e4-a3ed-5aae3b6f041e-05_801_1483_413_251}

1. On the diagram in the Printed Answer Booklet, draw the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } \left( \frac { 1 } { 2 } x \right)\).
2. On the diagram in the Printed Answer Booklet, draw the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x - 2 ) + 1\).

9

1. Find the exact coordinates of the turning points of \(C\).
   Determine the nature of each turning point.
   Fully justify your answer.
   9
2. State the coordinates of the turning points of the curve $$y = \mathrm { f } ( x + 1 ) - 4$$