1.02w Graph transformations: simple transformations of f(x)

2

1. Sketch the curve \(y = \frac { 1 } { x }\).
2. Describe fully the single transformation that transforms the curve \(y = \frac { 1 } { x }\) to the curve \(y = \frac { 1 } { x } + 4\).

5

1. Sketch the curve \(y = \sqrt { x }\).
2. Describe the transformation that transforms the curve \(y = \sqrt { x }\) to the curve \(y = \sqrt { x - 4 }\).
3. The curve \(y = \sqrt { x }\) is stretched by a scale factor of 5 parallel to the \(x\)-axis. State the equation of the transformed curve.

2

1. Sketch the curve \(y = - \frac { 1 } { x }\).
2. The curve \(y = - \frac { 1 } { x }\) is translated by 2 units parallel to the \(x\)-axis in the positive direction. State the equation of the transformed curve.
3. Describe a transformation that transforms the curve \(y = - \frac { 1 } { x }\) to the curve \(y = - \frac { 1 } { 3 x }\).

7

1. Sketch the curve \(y = x ^ { 2 } ( 3 - x )\) stating the coordinates of points of intersection with the axes.
2. The curve \(y = x ^ { 2 } ( 3 - x )\) is translated by 2 units in the positive direction parallel to the \(x\)-axis. State the equation of the curve after it has been translated.
3. Describe fully a transformation that transforms the curve \(y = x ^ { 2 } ( 3 - x )\) to \(y = \frac { 1 } { 2 } x ^ { 2 } ( 3 - x )\).

13 \begin{figure}[h] \end{figure} Fig. 13 shows a sketch of the curve \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\), where \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = x ^ { 3 } - 5 x + 2\).

1. Use the fact that \(x = 2\) is a root of \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = 0\) to find the exact values of the other two roots of \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = 0\), expressing your answers as simply as possible.
2. Show that \(\mathrm { f } ( x - 3 ) = x ^ { 3 } - 9 x ^ { 2 } + 22 x - 10\).
3. Write down the roots of \(\mathrm { f } ( x - 3 ) = 0\).

4

1. Describe fully the transformation which maps the curve \(y = x ^ { 2 }\) onto the curve \(y = ( x + 4 ) ^ { 2 }\).
2. Sketch the graph of \(y = x ^ { 2 } - 4\).

12

1. You are given that \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = ( 2 x - 5 ) ( x - 1 ) ( x - 4 )\).
   (A) Sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
   (B) Show that \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = 2 x ^ { 3 } - 15 x ^ { 2 } + 33 x - 20\).
2. You are given that \(\mathrm { g } ( x ) = 2 x ^ { 3 } - 15 x ^ { 2 } + 33 x - 40\).
   (A) Show that \(\mathrm { g } ( 5 ) = 0\).
   (B) Express \(\mathrm { g } ( x )\) as the product of a linear and quadratic factor.
   (C) Hence show that the equation \(\mathrm { g } ( x ) = 0\) has only one real root.
3. Describe fully the transformation that maps \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) onto \(y = \mathrm { g } ( x )\).

7 \begin{figure}[h] \end{figure} Fig. 7 shows the graph of \(y = \mathrm { g } ( x )\). Draw the graphs of the following.

1. \(y = \mathrm { g } ( x ) + 3\)
2. \(y = \mathrm { g } ( x + 2 )\)

9 You are given that \(\mathrm { f } ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) ^ { 2 } ( x - 3 )\).

1. Sketch the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
2. State the values of \(x\) which satisfy \(\mathrm { f } ( x + 3 ) = 0\).

3 \begin{figure}[h] \end{figure} Fig. 3 shows the graph of \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). Draw the graphs of the following.

1. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x ) - 2\)
2. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x - 3 )\)

9 Fig. 9 shows the curves \(y = \frac { 1 } { x + 2 }\) and \(y = x ^ { 2 } + 7 x + 7\). \begin{figure}[h] \end{figure}

1. Use Fig. 9 to estimate graphically the roots of the equation \(\frac { 1 } { x + 2 } = x ^ { 2 } + 7 x + 7\).
2. Show that the equation in part (i) may be simplified to \(x ^ { 3 } + 9 x ^ { 2 } + 21 x + 13 = 0\). Find algebraically the exact roots of this equation.
3. The curve \(y = x ^ { 2 } + 7 x + 7\) is translated by \(\binom { 3 } { 0 }\).
   (A) Show graphically that the translated curve intersects the curve \(y = \frac { 1 } { x + 2 }\) at only one point. Estimate the coordinates of this point.
   (B) Find the equation of the translated curve, simplifying your answer.

8 \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{87012792-fa63-4003-875d-b8e7739037f1-4_489_697_274_667} The diagram shows the curves \(y = \log _ { 2 } x\) and \(y = \log _ { 2 } ( x - 3 )\).

1. Describe the geometrical transformation that transforms the curve \(y = \log _ { 2 } x\) to the curve \(y = \log _ { 2 } ( x - 3 )\).
2. The curve \(y = \log _ { 2 } x\) passes through the point ( \(a , 3\) ). State the value of \(a\).
3. The curve \(y = \log _ { 2 } ( x - 3 )\) passes through the point ( \(b , 1.8\) ). Find the value of \(b\), giving your answer correct to 3 significant figures.
4. The point \(P\) lies on \(y = \log _ { 2 } x\) and has an \(x\)-coordinate of \(c\). The point \(Q\) lies on \(y = \log _ { 2 } ( x - 3 )\) and also has an \(x\)-coordinate of \(c\). Given that the distance \(P Q\) is 4 units find the exact value of \(c\).

8 \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{4d03f4e3-ae6c-4a0d-ae4d-d89258d2919a-4_417_931_255_607} The diagram shows the curve \(y = 2 ^ { x } - 3\).

1. Describe the geometrical transformation that transforms the curve \(y = 2 ^ { x }\) to the curve \(y = 2 ^ { x } - 3\).
2. State the \(y\)-coordinate of the point where the curve \(y = 2 ^ { x } - 3\) crosses the \(y\)-axis.
3. Find the \(x\)-coordinate of the point where the curve \(y = 2 ^ { x } - 3\) crosses the \(x\)-axis, giving your answer in the form \(\log _ { a } b\).
4. The curve \(y = 2 ^ { x } - 3\) passes through the point ( \(p , 62\) ). Use logarithms to find the value of \(p\), correct to 3 significant figures.
5. Use the trapezium rule, with 2 strips each of width 0.5 , to find an estimate for \(\int _ { 3 } ^ { 4 } \left( 2 ^ { x } - 3 \right) \mathrm { d } x\). Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

8

1. The curve \(y = 3 ^ { x }\) can be transformed to the curve \(y = 3 ^ { x - 2 }\) by a translation. Give details of the translation.
2. Alternatively, the curve \(y = 3 ^ { x }\) can be transformed to the curve \(y = 3 ^ { x - 2 }\) by a stretch. Give details of the stretch.
3. Sketch the curve \(y = 3 ^ { x - 2 }\), stating the coordinates of any points of intersection with the axes.
4. The point \(P\) on the curve \(y = 3 ^ { x - 2 }\) has \(y\)-coordinate equal to 180 . Use logarithms to find the \(x\)-coordinate of \(P\), correct to 3 significant figures.
5. Use the trapezium rule, with 2 strips each of width 1.5, to find an estimate for \(\int _ { 1 } ^ { 4 } 3 ^ { x - 2 } \mathrm {~d} x\). Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.

4 The curve \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) has a minimum point at \(( 3,5 )\).
State the coordinates of the corresponding minimum point on the graph of

1. \(y = 3 \mathrm { f } ( x )\),
2. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( 2 x )\).

5 Figs. 5.1 and 5.2 show the graph of \(y = \sin x\) for values of \(x\) from \(0 ^ { \circ }\) to \(360 ^ { \circ }\) and two transformations of this graph. State the equation of each graph after it has been transformed.

1. \begin{figure}[h]
   \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{ba9f2fd1-7a36-4749-86ec-40c93d23a84b-2_506_926_1324_571} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 5.1}
   \end{figure}
2. \begin{figure}[h]
   \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{ba9f2fd1-7a36-4749-86ec-40c93d23a84b-2_513_936_2003_561} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 5.2}
   \end{figure}

4 The point \(\mathrm { P } ( 6,3 )\) lies on the curve \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). State the coordinates of the image of P after the transformation which maps \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) onto

1. \(y = 3 \mathrm { f } ( x )\),
2. \(y = \mathrm { f } ( 4 x )\).

10 The gradient of a curve is given by \(\frac { \mathrm { d } y } { \mathrm {~d} x } = 4 x + 3\). The curve passes through the point ( 2,9 ).

1. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point \(( 2,9 )\).
2. Find the equation of the curve and the coordinates of its points of intersection with the \(x\)-axis. Find also the coordinates of the minimum point of this curve.
3. Find the equation of the curve after it has been stretched parallel to the \(x\)-axis with scale factor \(\frac { 1 } { 2 }\). Write down the coordinates of the minimum point of the transformed curve.

7 \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{c940af95-e291-402a-856c-9090d13163d5-3_419_700_1809_721} The diagram shows the curve \(y = \mathrm { e } ^ { k x } - a\), where \(k\) and \(a\) are constants.

1. Give details of the pair of transformations which transforms the curve \(y = \mathrm { e } ^ { x }\) to the curve \(y = \mathrm { e } ^ { k x } - a\).
2. Sketch the curve \(y = \left| \mathrm { e } ^ { k x } - a \right|\).
3. Given that the curve \(y = \left| \mathrm { e } ^ { k x } - a \right|\) passes through the points \(( 0,13 )\) and \(( \ln 3,13 )\), find the values of \(k\) and \(a\).

2 \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{774bb427-5392-45d3-8e4e-47d08fb8a792-02_538_1061_388_541} The diagram shows the curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). It is given that \(\mathrm { f } ( - 7 ) = 0\) and that there are stationary points at \(( - 2 , - 6 )\) and \(( 0,0 )\). Sketch the curve with equation \(y = - 4 \mathrm { f } ( x + 3 )\), indicating the coordinates of the stationary points.

5 \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{89e54367-bb83-483a-add5-0527b71a5cac-3_844_837_242_621} It is given that f is a one-one function defined for all real values. The diagram shows the curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\). The coordinates of certain points on the curve are shown in the following table.

1. State the value of \(\mathrm { ff } ( 6 )\) and the value of \(\mathrm { f } ^ { - 1 } ( 8 )\).
2. On the copy of the diagram, sketch the curve \(y = \mathrm { f } ^ { - 1 } ( x )\), indicating how the curves \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) and \(y = \mathrm { f } ^ { - 1 } ( x )\) are related.
3. Use Simpson's rule with 6 strips to find an approximation to \(\int _ { 2 } ^ { 14 } \mathrm { f } ( x ) \mathrm { d } x\).

8

1. Express \(\cos 4 \theta\) in terms of \(\sin 2 \theta\) and hence show that \(\cos 4 \theta\) can be expressed in the form \(1 - k \sin ^ { 2 } \theta \cos ^ { 2 } \theta\), where \(k\) is a constant to be determined.
2. Hence find the exact value of \(\sin ^ { 2 } \left( \frac { 1 } { 24 } \pi \right) \cos ^ { 2 } \left( \frac { 1 } { 24 } \pi \right)\).
3. By expressing \(2 \cos ^ { 2 } 2 \theta - \frac { 8 } { 3 } \sin ^ { 2 } \theta \cos ^ { 2 } \theta\) in terms of \(\cos 4 \theta\), find the greatest and least possible values of $$2 \cos ^ { 2 } 2 \theta - \frac { 8 } { 3 } \sin ^ { 2 } \theta \cos ^ { 2 } \theta$$ as \(\theta\) varies. \includegraphics[max width=\textwidth, alt={}, center]{89e54367-bb83-483a-add5-0527b71a5cac-5_606_926_267_552} The function f is defined for all real values of \(x\) by $$\mathrm { f } ( x ) = k \left( x ^ { 2 } + 4 x \right) ,$$ where \(k\) is a positive constant. The diagram shows the curve with equation \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\).
4. The curve \(y = x ^ { 2 }\) can be transformed to the curve \(y = \mathrm { f } ( x )\) by the following sequence of transformations: a translation parallel to the \(x\)-axis,
   a translation parallel to the \(y\)-axis,
   a stretch. a translation parallel to the \(x\)-axis, a translation parallel to the \(y\)-axis, a stretch.
   Give details, in terms of \(k\) where appropriate, of these transformations.
5. Find the range of f in terms of \(k\).
6. It is given that there are three distinct values of \(x\) which satisfy the equation \(| \mathrm { f } ( x ) | = 20\). Find the value of \(k\) and determine exactly the three values of \(x\) which satisfy the equation in this case.

2 The curve \(y = \ln x\) is transformed by:
a reflection in the \(x\)-axis, followed by a stretch with scale factor 3 parallel to the \(y\)-axis, followed by a translation in the positive \(y\)-direction by \(\ln 4\).
Find the equation of the resulting curve, giving your answer in the form \(y = \ln ( \mathrm { f } ( x ) )\).

5

1. Give full details of a sequence of two transformations needed to transform the graph of \(y = | x |\) to the graph of \(y = | 2 ( x + 3 ) |\).
2. Solve the inequality \(| x | > | 2 ( x + 3 ) |\), showing all your working.

9

1. Express \(5 \cos \left( \theta - 60 ^ { \circ } \right) + 3 \cos \theta\) in the form \(R \sin ( \theta + \alpha )\), where \(R > 0\) and \(0 ^ { \circ } < \alpha < 90 ^ { \circ }\).
2. Hence
   1. give details of the transformations needed to transform the curve \(y = 5 \cos \left( \theta - 60 ^ { \circ } \right) + 3 \cos \theta\) to the curve \(y = \sin \theta\),
   2. find the smallest positive value of \(\beta\) satisfying the equation $$5 \cos \left( \frac { 1 } { 3 } \beta - 40 ^ { \circ } \right) + 3 \cos \left( \frac { 1 } { 3 } \beta + 20 ^ { \circ } \right) = 3 .$$ \section*{END OF QUESTION PAPER}