OCR MEI M2 (Mechanics 2) 2006 June

Question 1
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1
  1. Two small spheres, \(P\) of mass 2 kg and \(Q\) of mass 6 kg , are moving in the same straight line along a smooth, horizontal plane with the velocities shown in Fig. 1.1. \begin{figure}[h]
    \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{31c38a58-e9d5-4d01-90af-3b41213a9c7d-2_252_647_404_708} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 1.1}
    \end{figure} Consider the direct collision of P and Q in the following two cases.
    1. The spheres coalesce on collision.
      (A) Calculate the common velocity of the spheres after the collision.
      (B) Calculate the energy lost in the collision.
    2. The spheres rebound with a coefficient of restitution of \(\frac { 2 } { 3 }\) in the collision.
      (A) Calculate the velocities of P and Q after the collision.
      (B) Calculate the impulse on P in the collision.
  2. A small ball bounces off a smooth, horizontal plane. The ball hits the plane with a speed of \(26 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) at an angle of \(\arcsin \frac { 12 } { 13 }\) to it. The ball rebounds at an angle of \(\arcsin \frac { 3 } { 5 }\) to the plane, as shown in Fig. 1.2. \begin{figure}[h]
    \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{31c38a58-e9d5-4d01-90af-3b41213a9c7d-2_238_545_1695_767} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 1.2}
    \end{figure} Calculate the speed with which the ball rebounds from the plane.
    Calculate also the coefficient of restitution in the impact.
Question 2
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2 Two heavy rods AB and BC are freely jointed together at B and to a wall at A . AB has weight 90 N and centre of mass at \(\mathrm { P } ; \mathrm { BC }\) has weight 75 N and centre of mass at Q . The lengths of the rods and the positions of P and Q are shown in Fig. 2.1, with the lengths in metres. Initially, AB and BC are horizontal. There is a support at R , as shown in Fig. 2.1. The system is held in equilibrium by a vertical force acting at C . \begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{31c38a58-e9d5-4d01-90af-3b41213a9c7d-3_381_703_584_680} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 2.1}
\end{figure}
  1. Draw diagrams showing all the forces acting on \(\operatorname { rod } \mathrm { AB }\) and on \(\operatorname { rod } \mathrm { BC }\). Calculate the force exerted on AB by the hinge at B and hence the force required at C . The rods are now set up as shown in Fig. 2.2. AB and BC are each inclined at \(60 ^ { \circ }\) to the vertical and C rests on a rough horizontal table. Fig. 2.3 shows all the forces acting on AB , including the forces \(X \mathrm {~N}\) and \(Y \mathrm {~N}\) due to the hinge at A and the forces \(U \mathrm {~N}\) and \(V \mathrm {~N}\) in the hinge at B . The rods are in equilibrium. \begin{figure}[h]
    \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{31c38a58-e9d5-4d01-90af-3b41213a9c7d-3_393_661_1615_429} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 2.2}
    \end{figure} \begin{figure}[h]
    \includegraphics[alt={},max width=\textwidth]{31c38a58-e9d5-4d01-90af-3b41213a9c7d-3_355_438_1530_1178} \captionsetup{labelformat=empty} \caption{Fig. 2.3}
    \end{figure}
  2. By considering the equilibrium of \(\operatorname { rod } \mathrm { AB }\), show that \(60 \sqrt { 3 } = U + V \sqrt { 3 }\).
  3. Draw a diagram showing all the forces acting on rod BC .
  4. Find a further equation connecting \(U\) and \(V\) and hence find their values. Find also the frictional force at C .
Question 3
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3
  1. A car of mass 900 kg is travelling at a steady speed of \(16 \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\) up a hill inclined at arcsin 0.1 to the horizontal. The power required to do this is 20 kW . Calculate the resistance to the motion of the car.
  2. A small box of mass 11 kg is placed on a uniform rough slope inclined at arc \(\cos \frac { 12 } { 13 }\) to the horizontal. The coefficient of friction between the box and the slope is \(\mu\).
    1. Show that if the box stays at rest then \(\mu \geqslant \frac { 5 } { 12 }\). For the remainder of this question, the box moves on a part of the slope where \(\mu = 0.2\).
      The box is projected up the slope from a point P with an initial speed of \(v \mathrm {~m} \mathrm {~s} ^ { - 1 }\). It travels a distance of 1.5 m along the slope before coming instantaneously to rest. During this motion, the work done against air resistance is 6 joules per metre.
    2. Calculate the value of \(v\). As the box slides back down the slope, it passes through its point of projection P and later reaches its initial speed at a point Q . During this motion, once again the work done against air resistance is 6 joules per metre.
    3. Calculate the distance PQ.